Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of organisms are Eukaryotic?

A

Plant and Animal Cells

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2
Q

Describe a Eukaryotic Cell

A

Contain membrane-bound organelles and membrane bound nucleus and Chromosomes

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3
Q

Name the organelles of an animal cell

A

Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Cytoplasm
Golgi Apparatus

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4
Q

Describe The Cell Surface Membrane

A

Mainly made up of lipids and protein

Controls what enters and leaves the cell. Also contains receptors which allows it to respond to chemicals such as hormones

Fluid Mosaic Model

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5
Q

Describe the Nucleus

A

Nuclear Envelope - Double membrane with pores

Nuclear Pores - allows the passage of large molecules out of the nucleus.

Nucleoplasm - jelly like material making up bulk of nucleus

Chromatin - DNA found within nucleus

Nucleolus - Manufactures ribosomal RNA and Ribosomes

Controls the cell’s activities

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6
Q

Describe Mitochondrion

A

Site of Aerobic Respiration which produces ATP from Carbohydrates.

They have double membrane. Outer membrane controls what leaves and enters organelles. Inner membrane folds to form Cristae.

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7
Q

Describe both Endoplasmic Reticulum and explain the differences

A

Rough ER: Contains Ribosomes on its membrane and is the sight of Protein Synthesis

Smooth ER: Site of/production of Lipids

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8
Q

Describe Ribosomes

A

Small organelle found either in Cytoplasm or on Rough ER. They are made in the nucleus and are comprised of RNA and proteins.

80S

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9
Q

Describe Golgi Apparatus

A

Fluid-filled membrane bound sacs with vesicles at the ends.

Packages and labels proteins and lipids. Vesicles then transport to Cell Membrane.

Also produces Lysosomes which are digestive enzymes (Protease and Lipase) 50 of them to digest invading cells or break down cell components.

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10
Q

What is Peroxisome?

A

Single Phospholipid bilayer membrane organelle.

Oxidises amino acids and fatty acids producing hydrogen peroxide.

Contains enzyme catalase that breaks down Hydrogen Peroxide.

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11
Q

What are Centrioles?

A

Barrel shaped structures present in animal cells.

Made up of microtubules.

Pair of these (Centrosome) near nucleus and they play important role during cell division.

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12
Q

What is Cytoskeleton?

A

Maintains shape and Organisation

Interconnected protein fibres and tubes

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13
Q

Name the extra organelles within Plant cell

A

Cell Wall
Vacuole
Chloroplasts

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14
Q

Describe the Cell Wall

A

Rigid strucutre made of cellulose. Supports cell and prevents it from changing shape.

Also contains Plasmodesmata which are connecting channels used to exchange substances with adjacent cells

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15
Q

Describe Chloroplasts

A

Flattened structures found in plants and algaes. Site of Photosynthesis.

Stroma, thylakoid membrane

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16
Q

Describe the Permanent Vacuole

A

Cell sap containing watery solution of sugars, mineral salts, pigments and enzymes.

Helps maintain pressure inside cell and keep cell rigid.