Biological Molecules Flashcards
What are Monomers?
Individual molecules
What are Polymers
Long chain of repeating units (monomers)
Name the three Monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
How is Lactose made?
Glucose + Galactose
How is Sucrose made?
Glucose + Fructose
How is Maltose made?
Glucose + Glucose
What is the process that joins two molecules together and describe it
Condensation Reaction: Joins two or more molecules together by eliminating a molecule of water
What is the process that breaks the chemical bond between molecules and describe it
Hydrolysis Reaction: Breaks the glycosidic bond between molecule using a molecule of water
What is the bond between Monosaccharides?
1,4 Glycosidic Bond
What is the bond between branched chains?
1,6 Glycosidic Bond
What is the name when 3-10 monosaccharides are joined together?
Oligosaccharide
State the properties of Starch
- Mix of Amylose & Amylopectin
- Main energy store in plants
- Broken down to glucose when energy is needed
- Insoluble therefore does not affect water potential
State the properties of Amylose
- Long UNBRANCHED chain of alpha glucose
- 1,4 Glycosidic bonds means coiled structure
- Compact = great storage
State the properties for Amylopectin
- Long BRANCHED chain of alpha glucose
- 1,4 & 1,6 Glycosidic Bonds
- Side branch = Enzyme break amylopectin to get glycosidic.
- Glucose released quickly
Describe the test for Starch
1) Add iodine to test tube
2) Iodine dissolved in Potassium iodide added solution
If present, Orange —> Blue