Biological Molecules

Question 1

What are Monomers?

Answer 1

Individual molecules

Question 2

What are Polymers

Answer 2

Long chain of repeating units (monomers)

Question 3

Name the three Monosaccharides

Answer 3

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Question 4

How is Lactose made?

Answer 4

Glucose + Galactose

Question 5

How is Sucrose made?

Answer 5

Glucose + Fructose

Question 6

How is Maltose made?

Answer 6

Glucose + Glucose

Question 7

What is the process that joins two molecules together and describe it

Answer 7

Condensation Reaction: Joins two or more molecules together by eliminating a molecule of water

Question 8

What is the process that breaks the chemical bond between molecules and describe it

Answer 8

Hydrolysis Reaction: Breaks the glycosidic bond between molecule using a molecule of water

Question 9

What is the bond between Monosaccharides?

Answer 9

1,4 Glycosidic Bond

Question 10

What is the bond between branched chains?

Answer 10

1,6 Glycosidic Bond

Question 11

What is the name when 3-10 monosaccharides are joined together?

Answer 11

Oligosaccharide

Question 12

State the properties of Starch

Answer 12

• Mix of Amylose & Amylopectin
• Main energy store in plants
• Broken down to glucose when energy is needed
• Insoluble therefore does not affect water potential

Question 13

State the properties of Amylose

Answer 13

• Long UNBRANCHED chain of alpha glucose
• 1,4 Glycosidic bonds means coiled structure
• Compact = great storage

Question 14

State the properties for Amylopectin

Answer 14

• Long BRANCHED chain of alpha glucose
• 1,4 & 1,6 Glycosidic Bonds
• Side branch = Enzyme break amylopectin to get glycosidic.
• Glucose released quickly

Question 15

Describe the test for Starch

Answer 15

1) Add iodine to test tube
2) Iodine dissolved in Potassium iodide added solution

If present, Orange —> Blue

Question 16

State the properties of Glycogen

Answer 16

• Animals store excess glucose (Polysaccharide of alpha glucose)
• Similar structure to Amylopectin (many side branches)
• Compact

Question 17

State the properties of Cellulose

Answer 17

• Major components of cell wall inside plants
• Made of long unbranched beta glucose
• Straight chain
• Create strong fibres called micofibrils

Question 18

What are Lipids made up from?

Answer 18

Glycerol and Fatty Acids

Question 19

Describe the structure of Triglyceride

Answer 19

Glycerol & 3 Fatty Acids

Question 20

Describe the structure of Phospholipids

Answer 20

One phosphate group, Glycerol and 2 Fatty Acids

Head is hydrophilic (attract water)

Tail is hydrophobic
(repels water)

Question 21

What is the test for Lipids?

Answer 21

Emulsion Test
1) Add ethanol
2) Shake until dissolved
3) If it goes milky = present

Question 22

What are the properties of Water?

Answer 22

• Metabolite
• High latent heat vaporisation
• Temperature Buffer
• Solvent
• Cohesive

Question 23

Draw the structure of water bonding

Answer 23

Check google

Question 24

What are proteins made up from?

Answer 24

Amino acids

Question 25

What is the bond when 2 amino acids are joined together?

Answer 25

Dipeptide Bond

Question 26

Describe Primary Structure

Answer 26

Sequence of Amino Acids

Question 27

Describe Secondary Structure

Answer 27

Linked amino acids to polypeptide chain. Beta-pleated sheets and double helix

Question 28

Describe Tertiary Structure

Answer 28

Further twisted and folded to give complex 3D structure. Held together by Disulfide, Ionic and Hydrogen bonds

Question 29

Describe Quaternary Structure

Answer 29

Multiple Polypeptide chains and with a prosthetic group

Question 30

Describe test for Proteins

Answer 30

Biuret Test 1) Add sample to tube 2) Equal amount NaOH 3) Add Copper (II) sulphate and mix gently 4) Protein present = blue to purple