Cell Division (MITOSIS & MEIOSIS) Flashcards

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1
Q

State the definition of Cell Division

A

New cells are produced by old cells dividing.

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2
Q

What is the purpose of Mitosis?

A

Growth and repair of body cells

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3
Q

What is the purpose of Meiosis?

A

Production of Specialised Sex Cells

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4
Q

What is Ploidy?

A

Refers to the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell or organism.

Diploid (2n)
Haploid (n)

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5
Q

What is a Homologous Chromosome?

A

Chromosomes of the same size and shape that carry the same type of genes

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6
Q

What is a Chromatid?

A

One of the two duplicated chromosomes connected at the centromere

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7
Q

What is a Centromere?

A

Region of chromosome where microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis

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8
Q

What in the nucleus carries the genetic material and what is it made out of?

A

Chromosomes made out of protein and single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid

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9
Q

The Cell Cycle comprises of:

A

Interphase:
- G1
- S
- G2

Mitosis:
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase

Cytokinesis

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10
Q

Describe Interphase

A

Cell carries out normal functions but also prepares to divide

S Phase: Cell’s DNA unravelled and replicated, to double its genetic content

During G1 and G2: The organelles are also replicated so it has spare ones, and its ATP content is increased (ATP provides energy for cell division)

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11
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

Refers to the process of nuclear division that occurs before a cell physically divides in 2.

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12
Q

Explain what happens during Prophase

A

Chromosomes condense and become visible.

Centrioles move to opposite ends of cells forming network called Spindle.

Nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes lie in free cytoplasm

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13
Q

Explain what happens during Metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up along middle of cell.

Spindle attaches to Centromere

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14
Q

Explain what happens during Anaphase

A

Centromere divides, separating each pair of sister chromatids.

Spindle contracts pulling chromatids to opposite poles

Chromatids appear V-Shaped

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15
Q

Explain what happens during Telophase

A

Chromatids reach opposite poles on spindle.

They uncoil and become long and thin and are called chromosomes

Nuclear envelope forms again to form 2 nuclei

Cytoplasm divides and there are two identical daughter cells.

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16
Q

Name One SIMILARITY and Two DIFFERENCES between Mitosis and Meiosis

A

S: Similar cell divisions

D: Mitosis = two identical daughter cells (diploid)

D: Meiosis = four genetically different cells (haploid)

17
Q

What happens during Meiosis I?

A

First Mitotic division

Recombination exchanges segments between homologues

Produces two haploid cells with chromatids attached

18
Q

What happens during Meiosis II?

A

Second meiotic division

Sister chromatids separate into separate cells

Produces 4 recombined haploid cells

19
Q
A