Respiration

Question 1

Energy

Answer 1

capacity for doing work

Question 2

What is respiration

Answer 2

It involves the oxidation of food molecules and energy is released during the processed

Question 3

Respiration definition

Answer 3

It’s the release of energy from food and goes on in all living cells

Question 4

How do muscles contract?

Answer 4

Muscles are collection of long muscle fibres when they shorten at the same time muscle contracts

Question 5

Aerobic respiration formula

Answer 5

Glucose + oxygen gives Carbon dioxide + water

Question 6

How does aerobic respiration work

Answer 6

• O2 taken in from the lungs and is taken round the body by the blood.
• Glucose is taken from digested
  food in the gut.
• Muscles have extensive capileries to store the
  glucose and O2 and to carry away CO2

Question 7

Anaerobic respiration formula

Answer 7

Glucose gives energy + Lactic Acid

Question 8

What are the 2 drawbacks of anaerobic respiration

Answer 8

• Gives only 1/12 energy of aerobic respiration
• Lactic acid is poisonous a build up causes inhibition in muscle contraction

Question 9

Gas exchange def

Answer 9

Swapping of oxygen for CO2

Question 10

How does gas exchange take place

Answer 10

Through a gas exchange surface - It’s thin so can allow gasses to pass through it

Question 11

Properties gas exchange surface

Answer 11

• One cell thick - Short distance where the gasses have to diffuse
• Large SA - Many molecules can diffuse at the same time
• Moist - So calls can be kept alive
• Well ventilates - Conc. gradients are kept up by regular fresh supplies of air
• Close to blood supply Gasses can be carried to cells that need them easily

Question 12

Larynx

Answer 12

Air passes through here while breathing and when it passes out vocal cords can vibrate. To make speech

Question 13

Trachea

Answer 13

Tube that carries air towards the lungs. rings of cartilage prevent collaspsing during inhalation

Question 14

Bronchus

Answer 14

1st branch from the trachea

Question 15

Bronchioles

Answer 15

Final branch leading to the alvioli

Question 16

Alveoli (Air sacs)

Answer 16

Lined by the membrane where gas exchange takes place. The surface is moist and thin and has a huge area

Question 17

Branch of pulmonary artery

Answer 17

delivers deoxygenated blood at high pressures from the right ventricle of the heart

Question 18

Breathing

Answer 18

Is the set of muscular movements that gives the respiratory surface a constant supply of fresh air

Question 19

Breathing is bought in by

Answer 19

The action of 2 group muscles - the intercostal muscles and the diaphram
The properties of the pleural membrane

Question 20

What happens when we breath in

Answer 20

1. The external intercostal muscles contract and pull the ribcage upward and outward
2. Diaphram muscles contact and move downward
3. Lung volume increases and the pressure falls
4. Air rushes in to fill the extra space and equalises the pressure

Question 21

What happens when we breath out

Answer 21

1. Internal intercostal muscles relax and rib cage falls downward and inward
2. Diaphram Muscles relax and the diaphram returns to its dome shape
3. Lung volume decreases and pressure increases
4. Air is forced out

Question 22

What is the pleural Membrane

Answer 22

• It sticks to the outside of the lungs and the inside of the chest cavity
• The stickiness means lungs will follow the movement of the chest wall

Question 23

How does oxgyen affect inspired and expired air and why

Answer 23

Inspired Air - 21
expired air - 18
Oxygen has diffused from the air into the alveoli into the blood

Question 24

How does CO2 affect inspired and expired air and why

Answer 24

Inspired Air - 0.04
expired air - 3
CO2 has diffused from the blood into the the air into the alveoli

Question 25

How does nitrogen affect inspired and expired air and why

Answer 25

Inspired - 78
expired -78
It’s not used by the body

Question 26

How does water vapor affect inspired and expired air and why

Answer 26

Inspired - vairiable
expired - saturated
Water vapor evaporates from the surface of the alveoli

Question 27

How does Temp. affect inspired and expired air and why

Answer 27

Inspired - vairiable
expired - 37 degrees
Heat is lost from the surface of the lungs

Question 28

Asthma

Answer 28

Difficulty breathing

Question 29

Air can’t move along the pressure gradient because

Answer 29

The muscles in the wall of the brochi contract
The lining of the bronchi ‘leaks’ a sticky mucus

Question 30

Factors that cause asthma attack

Answer 30

• Allergy to pollen
• dust/fur
• smoke and air pollution

Question 31

Treatments for asthma

Answer 31

• Removal of the factor causing it
• Use of a bronchiodilator - Spray containing a drug which relaxes the bronchial muscles

Question 32

How does smoking affect the breathing rate

Answer 32

increase, due to carbon mono-oxide

Question 33

How does anxiety the breathing rate

Answer 33

increase due to an increase of adrenline

Question 34

How does drugs affect the breathing rate

Answer 34

Some cause an increase eg: Amphetimines
Some cause a decrease eg: alchohol

Question 35

How does environment affect the breathing rate

Answer 35

increased by low CO2 concentration

Question 36

How does weight affect the breathing rate

Answer 36

increase as fat makes the lungs ventilation harder
can decrease excess body wieght