Organisation Of The Organisms

Question 1

The main features of animals:

Answer 1

• Multicellular
• Cells contain a nucleus with a distinct membrane
• Do not have cellulose cell walls
• Do not contain chloroplasts
• Feed on organic substances made by other living things
• Often store carbohydrates as glycogen
• Usually have nervous coordination
• Able to move from place to place

Question 2

The main features of plants:

Answer 2

• Multicellular
• Cells contain a nucleus with a distinct membrane
• Cells have cell walls made out of cellulose
• Cells contain chloroplasts
• Feed by photosynthesis
• Store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose
• x have nervous coordination

Question 3

Bacteria Cells

Answer 3

• They are microscopic single-celled organisms
  Possess a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and ribosomes
• Lack a nucleus but contain a circular chromosome of DNA that floats in the cytoplasm
  -Plasmids are sometimes present
• Lack mitochondria, chloroplasts & other membrane-bound organelles found in animal & plant cells
• Some bacteria also have a flagellum (singular) or several flagella (plural)

Question 4

What is a flagellum

Answer 4

These are long, thin, whip-like tails attached to bacteria that allow them to move

Question 5

Examples of bacteria

Answer 5

Lactobacillus
Pneumococcus

Question 6

Lactobacillus

Answer 6

A rod-shaped bacterium used in the production of yoghurt from milk

Question 7

Pneumococcus

Answer 7

A spherical bacterium that acts as the pathogen causing pneumonia

Question 8

Vesicles

Answer 8

these are small circular structures found moving

Question 9

Magnification formula

Answer 9

Magnification = Image size ÷ Actual size

Question 10

To convert from mm to um

Answer 10

x1000 and vice versa

Question 11

Root hair cell function and specialization

Answer 11

• Absorption of mineral ions and water
• Large SA as this maximizes the absorption of water & mineral ions
• Wall are thin to allow the water to enter quickly
• X Chloroplast

Question 12

Xylem Vessels

Answer 12

• conduction of water up the xylem and supports the plant
• X top and bottom vessels so there’s a continuous stream of water running through
• cells are dead without any cytoplasm, water can pass through them
• walls are thickened with Lignin so supports the plant

Question 13

Palisade Mesophyll Layer

Answer 13

• Photosynthesis
• Column shaped to max the absorption of sunlight and fit as many under upper epidermis as possible
• Contain many chloroplast to max the rate of photosynthesis

Question 14

Ciliated epithelial Cells

Answer 14

Extension of cytoplasm creates a hair like structure which forms hair like structures called cilia which seep mucus and capture any dust