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HPP 2 > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Respiration

A

gas exchange, pH, smell, BP control, blood clot filtration

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2
Q

Alveolus

A

functional unit of the lung

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3
Q

What kind of cells are found in the alveoli?

A

simple squamous

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4
Q

What layers does O2 and CO2 have to traverse to go between the alveoli and red blood cell?

A

cell membranes
liquid

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5
Q

Clinicians that study otorhinolaryngology are called?

A

ENT docs

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6
Q

Which system is the respiratory system closely tied to?

A

cardiovascular system

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7
Q

What are the 3 kinds of respiration?

A

external, internal, cellular

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8
Q

What is the pathway of air?

A

Nose -> nasal cavity -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> terminal bronchiole -> respiratory bronchiole -> alveoli

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9
Q

Conducting zone

A

passes air you inhale

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10
Q

What is the end of the conducting zone?

A

terminal bronchiole

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11
Q

What is the start of the respiratory zone?

A

Respiratory bronchiole

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12
Q

Fibers of olfactory nerves

A

odor receptors embedded in mucus

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13
Q

How does the nose impact the air?

A

cleaning it, moistening it, and warming it

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14
Q

What cell type does the nose have?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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15
Q

What do the cilia on epithelial cells do?

A

convey dust/ debris toward the nasopharynx, clean the air

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16
Q

What do the goblet cells do?

A

secrete mucus and moisten the air

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17
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity, located within facial bones
warm the air

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18
Q

What swells up as needed, 1-2 times per hour?

A

turbinates

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19
Q

What do the pons and medulla oblongata do?

A

brainstem, pacemaker for respiratory control

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20
Q

What does the uvula do?

A

prevents food from going up into the nasal cavity

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21
Q

Pharynx

A

fibromuscular tube that extends from the base of the skull to the larynx

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22
Q

Nasopharynx

A

posterior to nasal cavity
receives auditory tubes and contains pharyngeal tonsil
90 degree downward turn traps large particles
passes only air
pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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23
Q

Oropharynx

A

posterior to the oral cavity
space between soft palate and epiglottis
contains palantine tonsils
passes air and food
stratified squamous epithelium

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24
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

mostly posterior to the larynx
passes air and food
stratified squamous cells

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25
Q

Larynx

A

voice box
surrounded by cartilage, keeps food and drink out of the airway
has 9 types of cartilage

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26
Q

Epiglottic cartilage

A

spoon-shaped supportive plate in epiglottis
closes airway and directs food and drink into the esophagus behind it

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27
Q

Thyroid Cartilage

A

largest laryngeal prominence, shield-shaped
testosterone stimulated growth, larger in males
deepens voice

28
Q

Cricoid Cartilage

A

connects larynx to trachea, ringlike

29
Q

How fast does air move for a cough? A sneeze?

A

Cough- 60 mph
Sneeze- 100mph

30
Q

Glottis

A

vocal cords and space

31
Q

What type of cells make up the vocal cords?

A

stratified squamous

32
Q

What controls the vocal cords?

A

intrinsic muscles

33
Q

Adult male vocal cords

A

longer and thicker
vibrate more slowly

34
Q

Loudness of voice is determined by?

A

the force of air passing through the vocal cords

35
Q

Trachea

A

windpipe; rigid tube found anterior to esophagus
supported by C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage to keep it from collapsing

36
Q

C-shaped rings

A

in trachea
the trachealis muscle spans their opening
gap allows esophagus to expand
contracts/releases to adjust air flow

37
Q

chondrocytes are also known as

A

gristle cells

38
Q

Perichondrium

A

perimeter of the C-shaped rings

39
Q

Which bronchi is straighter, wider, and branches into 3 lobes of the lung?

A

right

40
Q

What kind of cells is the trachea lined with?

A

lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

41
Q

Which bronchi is smaller and has 2 lobes?

A

left

42
Q

All divisions of bronchial tree have a large amount of what?

A

elastic connective tissue

43
Q

Bronchioles

A

1 mm or less in diameter
smooth muscle regulates diameter to control airflow
ciliated cuboidal epithelium pushes mucus up

44
Q

Pulmonary lobule

A

portion of lung ventilated by one bronchiole

45
Q

Terminal bronchioles

A

final branches of conducting division
0.5 mm or less in diameter
cilia move mucus by mucociliary escalator
no cartilage/goblet cells

46
Q

Each terminal bronchiole gives off how many or more smaller respiratory bronchioles?

A

2

47
Q

What forms fine and delicate networks around alveoli?

A

capillaries

48
Q

How many alveoli in your lungs?

A

300,000

49
Q

What can be added to reduce stress in premature infants?

A

surfactant

50
Q

What types of cells are in alveoli?

A

simple squamous epithelial, Great Cell, alveolar macrophage

51
Q

Great cell

A

repairs, surfactant secretion, protective

52
Q

Alveolar macrophage

A

dust cell; digest debris

53
Q

respiratory membrane

A

barrier between the alveolar air and blood

has simple squamous, basement membrane, and endothelial cell membrane

54
Q

What has more extensive lymphatic drainage than any other organ in the body?

A

lungs

55
Q

Low capillary blood pressure also prevents the rupture of?

A

the respiratory membrane

56
Q

How does the respiratory membrane impact blood clots?

A

strains blood clots
protects against strokes

57
Q

What layers does air from alveoli travel through to reach red blood cells?

A
  1. Surfactant
  2. Type 1 cell
  3. shared basement membrane
  4. endothelial cell membrane
  5. red blood cell membrane
58
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

59
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

60
Q

Root of the lung

A

only place that your lungs connect to your body
where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter

61
Q

Visceral pleura

A

surrounds the lung

62
Q

parietal pleura

A

surrounds the visceral pleura

63
Q

serous fluid

A

thin/watery fluid; hydrophilic, sticks together

64
Q

pneumothorax

A

gunshot/stab wound
pneumonia
ventilator-related lung damage
air in pleural cavity that leads to collapsed lung

65
Q

Pleurisy

A

infection-related
rheumatoid arthritis
lung cancer
characterized by excruciating pain
inflammation of pleural lining

66
Q

Hemothorax

A

blood clot in chest cavity/lung
lung cancer
gunshot/stab wound
tuberculosis
characterized by loss of blood pressure

HPP 2 (11 decks)

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