Respiration

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

gas exchange, pH, smell, BP control, blood clot filtration

Question 2

Alveolus

Answer 2

functional unit of the lung

Question 3

What kind of cells are found in the alveoli?

Answer 3

simple squamous

Question 4

What layers does O2 and CO2 have to traverse to go between the alveoli and red blood cell?

Answer 4

cell membranes
liquid

Question 5

Clinicians that study otorhinolaryngology are called?

Answer 5

ENT docs

Question 6

Which system is the respiratory system closely tied to?

Answer 6

cardiovascular system

Question 7

What are the 3 kinds of respiration?

Answer 7

external, internal, cellular

Question 8

What is the pathway of air?

Answer 8

Nose -> nasal cavity -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> terminal bronchiole -> respiratory bronchiole -> alveoli

Question 9

Conducting zone

Answer 9

passes air you inhale

Question 10

What is the end of the conducting zone?

Answer 10

terminal bronchiole

Question 11

What is the start of the respiratory zone?

Answer 11

Respiratory bronchiole

Question 12

Fibers of olfactory nerves

Answer 12

odor receptors embedded in mucus

Question 13

How does the nose impact the air?

Answer 13

cleaning it, moistening it, and warming it

Question 14

What cell type does the nose have?

Answer 14

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 15

What do the cilia on epithelial cells do?

Answer 15

convey dust/ debris toward the nasopharynx, clean the air

Question 16

What do the goblet cells do?

Answer 16

secrete mucus and moisten the air

Question 17

Paranasal sinuses

Answer 17

air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity, located within facial bones
warm the air

Question 18

What swells up as needed, 1-2 times per hour?

Answer 18

turbinates

Question 19

What do the pons and medulla oblongata do?

Answer 19

brainstem, pacemaker for respiratory control

Question 20

What does the uvula do?

Answer 20

prevents food from going up into the nasal cavity

Question 21

Pharynx

Answer 21

fibromuscular tube that extends from the base of the skull to the larynx

Question 22

Nasopharynx

Answer 22

posterior to nasal cavity
receives auditory tubes and contains pharyngeal tonsil
90 degree downward turn traps large particles
passes only air
pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 23

Oropharynx

Answer 23

posterior to the oral cavity
space between soft palate and epiglottis
contains palantine tonsils
passes air and food
stratified squamous epithelium

Question 24

Laryngopharynx

Answer 24

mostly posterior to the larynx
passes air and food
stratified squamous cells

Question 25

Larynx

Answer 25

voice box surrounded by cartilage, keeps food and drink out of the airway has 9 types of cartilage

Question 26

Epiglottic cartilage

Answer 26

spoon-shaped supportive plate in epiglottis closes airway and directs food and drink into the esophagus behind it

Question 27

Thyroid Cartilage

Answer 27

largest laryngeal prominence, shield-shaped testosterone stimulated growth, larger in males deepens voice

Question 28

Cricoid Cartilage

Answer 28

connects larynx to trachea, ringlike

Question 29

How fast does air move for a cough? A sneeze?

Answer 29

Cough- 60 mph Sneeze- 100mph

Question 30

Glottis

Answer 30

vocal cords and space

Question 31

What type of cells make up the vocal cords?

Answer 31

stratified squamous

Question 32

What controls the vocal cords?

Answer 32

intrinsic muscles

Question 33

Adult male vocal cords

Answer 33

longer and thicker vibrate more slowly

Question 34

Loudness of voice is determined by?

Answer 34

the force of air passing through the vocal cords

Question 35

Trachea

Answer 35

windpipe; rigid tube found anterior to esophagus supported by C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage to keep it from collapsing

Question 36

C-shaped rings

Answer 36

in trachea the trachealis muscle spans their opening gap allows esophagus to expand contracts/releases to adjust air flow

Question 37

chondrocytes are also known as

Answer 37

gristle cells

Question 38

Perichondrium

Answer 38

perimeter of the C-shaped rings

Question 39

Which bronchi is straighter, wider, and branches into 3 lobes of the lung?

Answer 39

right

Question 40

What kind of cells is the trachea lined with?

Answer 40

lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 41

Which bronchi is smaller and has 2 lobes?

Answer 41

left

Question 42

All divisions of bronchial tree have a large amount of what?

Answer 42

elastic connective tissue

Question 43

Bronchioles

Answer 43

1 mm or less in diameter smooth muscle regulates diameter to control airflow ciliated cuboidal epithelium pushes mucus up

Question 44

Pulmonary lobule

Answer 44

portion of lung ventilated by one bronchiole

Question 45

Terminal bronchioles

Answer 45

final branches of conducting division 0.5 mm or less in diameter cilia move mucus by mucociliary escalator no cartilage/goblet cells

Question 46

Each terminal bronchiole gives off how many or more smaller respiratory bronchioles?

Answer 46

2

Question 47

What forms fine and delicate networks around alveoli?

Answer 47

capillaries

Question 48

How many alveoli in your lungs?

Answer 48

300,000

Question 49

What can be added to reduce stress in premature infants?

Answer 49

surfactant

Question 50

What types of cells are in alveoli?

Answer 50

simple squamous epithelial, Great Cell, alveolar macrophage

Question 51

Great cell

Answer 51

repairs, surfactant secretion, protective

Question 52

Alveolar macrophage

Answer 52

dust cell; digest debris

Question 53

respiratory membrane

Answer 53

barrier between the alveolar air and blood has simple squamous, basement membrane, and endothelial cell membrane

Question 54

What has more extensive lymphatic drainage than any other organ in the body?

Answer 54

lungs

Question 55

Low capillary blood pressure also prevents the rupture of?

Answer 55

the respiratory membrane

Question 56

How does the respiratory membrane impact blood clots?

Answer 56

strains blood clots protects against strokes

Question 57

What layers does air from alveoli travel through to reach red blood cells?

Answer 57

1. Surfactant 2. Type 1 cell 3. shared basement membrane 4. endothelial cell membrane 5. red blood cell membrane

Question 58

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 58

3

Question 59

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 59

2

Question 60

Root of the lung

Answer 60

only place that your lungs connect to your body where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter

Question 61

Visceral pleura

Answer 61

surrounds the lung

Question 62

parietal pleura

Answer 62

surrounds the visceral pleura

Question 63

serous fluid

Answer 63

thin/watery fluid; hydrophilic, sticks together

Question 64

pneumothorax

Answer 64

gunshot/stab wound pneumonia ventilator-related lung damage air in pleural cavity that leads to collapsed lung

Question 65

Pleurisy

Answer 65

infection-related rheumatoid arthritis lung cancer characterized by excruciating pain inflammation of pleural lining

Question 66

Hemothorax

Answer 66

blood clot in chest cavity/lung lung cancer gunshot/stab wound tuberculosis characterized by loss of blood pressure