RESPIRATION 1: Structure & Function of the Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange – oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal.
What structures make up the upper respiratory tract?
Nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx.
What structures make up the lower respiratory tract?
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and lungs.
Where does gas exchange occur?
In the alveoli.
What protects the lungs and reduces friction?
Pleural membranes and pleural fluid.
What is the diaphragm and what does it do?
It’s a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and drives ventilation.
What is the mucociliary escalator?
A defense mechanism where mucus traps particles and cilia move them out of the airways.
What role do sinuses play in respiration?
Warm and humidify air, and enhance voice resonance.
Why is surface area important in alveoli?
Larger surface area enhances gas exchange efficiency.
What is the role of nasal conchae?
Increase air turbulence and surface area to condition inhaled air.
