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NCM 215A > Respi (Part 3) > Flashcards

Respi (Part 3) Flashcards

1
Q

The body’s predisposition to develop an antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE) in response to exposure to environmental allergens

A

Atopy

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2
Q

Long-term medications for asthma

A

Inhaled corticosteroids
Long-acting beta2-agonists
Leukotriene modifiers

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3
Q

Quick relief to asthma

A

short-acting beta2agonists

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4
Q

can help patients who have difficulty with inhaler use and can reduce potential for adverse effects from medication.

A

Spacers

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5
Q

Machine produces a mist of the medication

A

Nebulizer

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6
Q

_____ is an infection of the lungs .

A

Pneumonia

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7
Q

The most common type of bacterial pneumonia is called

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

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8
Q

Pneumococcal pneumonia is caused by the ______ germ

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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9
Q

Bacterial pneumonia often affects just one part, or lobe, of a lung. When this happens it is called,

A

lobar pneumonia

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10
Q

Legionella pneumophila, which causes a dangerous form of pneumonia called

A

Legionnaire’s disease.

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11
Q

the most common cause of viral pneumonia in young children.

A

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

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12
Q

is a serious fungal infection caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

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13
Q

This fungus is found in Southern California and the desert Southwest. It is the cause of valley fever.

A

Coccidioidomycosis

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14
Q

This fungus is found in the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys.

A

Histoplasmosis

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15
Q

This fungus is found throughout the United States in bird droppings and soil contaminated with bird droppings.

A

Cryptococcus

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Pneumonia caused by fungi are not contagious

A

TRUE

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17
Q

type of pneumonia: is when someone develops pneumonia in the community

A

Community-acquired pneumonia

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18
Q

type of pneumonia: when someone develops pneumonia during or following a stay in a healthcare setting. Healthcare settings include hospitals, long-term care facilities, and dialysis centers.

A

Healthcare-associated pneumonia

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19
Q

Type of pneumonia: when someone gets pneumonia after being on a ventilator, a machine that supports breathing.

A

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

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20
Q

pulmonary consequences resulting from entry of endogenous or exogenous substances into the lower airway

A

Aspiration pneumonia

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21
Q

Causes chemical burn and inflammatory
response

A

Mendelson’s syndrome

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22
Q

a pneumonia where aportion of one or
more lobes involved

A

Lobar pneumonia

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23
Q

distributed in a patchy fashion, originating in one or more localized areas within the bronchi and extending to the adjacent surrounding lung parenchyma ; more common pneumonia

A

Bronchopneumonia

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24
Q

Prevention of pneumonia

A

PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE

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25
Q

which is the most common form, tends to be more serious than other types of pneumonia, with symptoms that require medical care.

A

Bacterial pneumonia

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26
Q

Chronic inflammatory disease of the airways

A

Asthma

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27
Q

Medications used to treat asthma are antiinflammatories such as

A

steroids

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28
Q

strongest predisposing factor in asthma

A

Allergy

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29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Asthma is more common in females

A

TRUE

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30
Q

a narrowing of the airways in the lungs triggered by strenuous exercise

A

Exercise-induced Asthma

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31
Q

patients would complain wheezing and shortness of breathing when they are in stress

A

Stress-induced Asthma

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32
Q

3 Most Common Signs and Symptoms in Asthma

A

Cough
Dyspnea
Wheezing

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33
Q

characteristic for asthma

A

Wheezing

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34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: PaCO2 in asthma is expected to be decreased at first -lungs are trying to compensate by initially increasing the respiratory rate

A

TRUE: However, it will increase. Normalizing and the increase of the PaCO2 is an indication that the patient’s asthma is being aggravated or the condition of the patient is getting worse

35
Q

Granulocyte increased in allergic reactions

A

Eosinophils

36
Q

antibodies that is increased during an asthma or allergic reaction

A

IgE

37
Q

The most accurate tests for asthma

A

Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)

38
Q

2 Classes of Asthma Medications

A

Quick-Relief Medications
Long-Acting Control Medications

39
Q

Used during an acute asthmatic attack
Will not prevent future episodes of asthma

A

Quick-Relief Medications

40
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Beta-1 acts on the heart while the Beta-2 acts on the lungs

A

TRUE

41
Q

Examples of SABA

A

salbutamol
albuterol
levalbuterol
Pirbuterol

42
Q

Example of Anticholinergics: a Quick-relief medication

A

ipratropium (Atrovent)

43
Q

Cannot be expected to halt an acute asthmatic attack. Only good for control or to prevent future asthmatic attack

A

Long-Acting Control Medications

44
Q

Most potent and effective anti-inflammatory
medications for asthma: long acting

A

Corticosteroids

45
Q

Most common oral and IV preparation of corticosteroids

A

prednisone, methylprednisolone

46
Q

Used for long-term control of asthma. Also effective in the prevention of exerciseinduced asthma

A

Long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA)

47
Q

Examples of Long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA)

A

Theophylline and Salmeterol & Formoterol

48
Q

Used in addition to inhaled corticosteroids, mainly for relief of nighttime asthma symptoms

A

Theophylline

49
Q

have the duration of bronchodilation of at least 12 hours

A

Salmeterol and Formoterol

50
Q

Act by interfering leukotriene synthesis and by
blocking the receptors where leukotrienes would exert their action.

A

Leukotriene modifiers (inhibitors), or Antileukotrienes

51
Q

Examples of Leukotriene modifiers or Antileukotrienes

A

Montelukast, Zafirlukast, and Zileuton

52
Q

Prevent IgE from binding to high affinity receptors of basophils and mast cells

A

Immunomodulators

53
Q

a monoclonal antibody and may be used for patients with allergies and severe persistent asthma

A

Omalizumab (Xolair)

54
Q

Used when all other medications in asthma are
ineffective

A

Methylxanthines

55
Q

measure the highest volume of
airflow during a forced expiration

A

Peak flow meters

56
Q

Rapid onset of severe, and persistent asthma that does not respond to conventional therapy

A

Status Asthmaticus

57
Q

Initial stage: respiratory alkalosis, decreased PaCO2 and decreased PaO2

A

Status Asthmaticus

58
Q

As this worsens, Respiratory acidosis, increase PaCO2 and increase PaO2

A

Status Asthmaticus

59
Q

The disappearance of wheezing in status asthmaticus suggests

A

impending respiratory failure

60
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: In status asthmaticus, increasing PaCO2 - is a danger sign

A

TRUE

61
Q

If the condition status asthmaticus is not reversed, the patient may develop

A

pneumothorax
cardiac/pulmonary arrest

62
Q

A preventable, slowly progressive respiratory disease involving the airway, lung parenchyma, or both.

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

63
Q

If pt lacks Alpha-1 Antitrypsin, lung tissues will be destroyed

A

“Lung Destruction”

64
Q

causes lysis to lungs

A

Trypsin

65
Q

Caused by the activation of the vasoactive
substances and narrowing of the airways

A

Pulmonary hypertension

66
Q

Types of COPD

A

Emphysema
Chronic Bronchitis

67
Q

Abnormal distention of the air spaces beyond the terminal bronchioles and destruction of the walls of the alveoli

A

Emphysema

68
Q

Key characteristic of Emphysema

A

Air trapping

69
Q

AKA Pink Puffer

A

Emphysema

70
Q

2 major changes in emphysema

A

Loss of lung elasticity
Hyperinflation of the lung

71
Q

most important environmental risk factor of emphysema

A

Smoking

72
Q

Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles caused by chronic exposure to irritants especially tobacco smoke

A

Chronic bronchitis

73
Q

AKA “Blue bloater”

A

Chronic bronchitis

74
Q

Unique characteristics Color: dusky to cyanotic -

A

Chronic bronchitis

75
Q

Most suitable O2 administration device in COPD which is

A

Ventura mask

76
Q

Severe hypoxemia in COPD is a sign of:

A

impending respiratory failure

77
Q

Closure or collapse of the alveoli

A

Atelectasis

78
Q

2 kinds of atelectasis

A

Acute and Chronis

79
Q

Kind of atelectasis: Common in post-operative setting or in people who are immobilized and have a shallow monotonous breathing pattern.

A

Acute atelectasis

80
Q

Kind of atelectasis:Common in patients with chronic airway obstruction that impedes or blocks airflow to an area of the lung

A

Chronic atelectasis

81
Q

Hallmarks of the severity of atelectasis:

A

Tachypnea
Dyspnea
Mild-to moderate hypoxemia

82
Q

COUGH Program in atelectasis

A

Incentive spirometry
Coughing and deep breathing
Oral care (brushing teeth and using mouthwash
twice a day)
Understanding (patient and staff education)
Getting out of bed at least three times daily
Head-of-bed elevation

83
Q

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue, the alveolar space, or both

A

Pulmonary Edema

NCM 215A (7 decks)

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