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NCM 215A > Respi (Part 3) > Flashcards

Respi (Part 3) Flashcards

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1
Q

The body’s predisposition to develop an antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE) in response to exposure to environmental allergens

A

Atopy

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2
Q

Long-term medications for asthma

A

Inhaled corticosteroids
Long-acting beta2-agonists
Leukotriene modifiers

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3
Q

Quick relief to asthma

A

short-acting beta2agonists

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4
Q

can help patients who have difficulty with inhaler use and can reduce potential for adverse effects from medication.

A

Spacers

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5
Q

Machine produces a mist of the medication

A

Nebulizer

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6
Q

_____ is an infection of the lungs .

A

Pneumonia

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7
Q

The most common type of bacterial pneumonia is called

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

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8
Q

Pneumococcal pneumonia is caused by the ______ germ

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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9
Q

Bacterial pneumonia often affects just one part, or lobe, of a lung. When this happens it is called,

A

lobar pneumonia

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10
Q

Legionella pneumophila, which causes a dangerous form of pneumonia called

A

Legionnaire’s disease.

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11
Q

the most common cause of viral pneumonia in young children.

A

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

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12
Q

is a serious fungal infection caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

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13
Q

This fungus is found in Southern California and the desert Southwest. It is the cause of valley fever.

A

Coccidioidomycosis

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14
Q

This fungus is found in the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys.

A

Histoplasmosis

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15
Q

This fungus is found throughout the United States in bird droppings and soil contaminated with bird droppings.

A

Cryptococcus

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Pneumonia caused by fungi are not contagious

A

TRUE

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17
Q

type of pneumonia: is when someone develops pneumonia in the community

A

Community-acquired pneumonia

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18
Q

type of pneumonia: when someone develops pneumonia during or following a stay in a healthcare setting. Healthcare settings include hospitals, long-term care facilities, and dialysis centers.

A

Healthcare-associated pneumonia

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19
Q

Type of pneumonia: when someone gets pneumonia after being on a ventilator, a machine that supports breathing.

A

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

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20
Q

pulmonary consequences resulting from entry of endogenous or exogenous substances into the lower airway

A

Aspiration pneumonia

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21
Q

Causes chemical burn and inflammatory
response

A

Mendelson’s syndrome

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22
Q

a pneumonia where aportion of one or
more lobes involved

A

Lobar pneumonia

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23
Q

distributed in a patchy fashion, originating in one or more localized areas within the bronchi and extending to the adjacent surrounding lung parenchyma ; more common pneumonia

A

Bronchopneumonia

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24
Q

Prevention of pneumonia

A

PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE

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25
which is the most common form, tends to be more serious than other types of pneumonia, with symptoms that require medical care.
Bacterial pneumonia
26
Chronic inflammatory disease of the airways
Asthma
27
Medications used to treat asthma are antiinflammatories such as
steroids
28
strongest predisposing factor in asthma
Allergy
29
TRUE OR FALSE: Asthma is more common in females
TRUE
30
a narrowing of the airways in the lungs triggered by strenuous exercise
Exercise-induced Asthma
31
patients would complain wheezing and shortness of breathing when they are in stress
Stress-induced Asthma
32
3 Most Common Signs and Symptoms in Asthma
Cough Dyspnea Wheezing
33
characteristic for asthma
Wheezing
34
TRUE OR FALSE: PaCO2 in asthma is expected to be decreased at first -lungs are trying to compensate by initially increasing the respiratory rate
TRUE: However, it will increase. Normalizing and the increase of the PaCO2 is an indication that the patient's asthma is being aggravated or the condition of the patient is getting worse
35
Granulocyte increased in allergic reactions
Eosinophils
36
antibodies that is increased during an asthma or allergic reaction
IgE
37
The most accurate tests for asthma
Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)
38
2 Classes of Asthma Medications
Quick-Relief Medications Long-Acting Control Medications
39
Used during an acute asthmatic attack Will not prevent future episodes of asthma
Quick-Relief Medications
40
TRUE OR FALSE: Beta-1 acts on the heart while the Beta-2 acts on the lungs
TRUE
41
Examples of SABA
salbutamol albuterol levalbuterol Pirbuterol
42
Example of Anticholinergics: a Quick-relief medication
ipratropium (Atrovent)
43
Cannot be expected to halt an acute asthmatic attack. Only good for control or to prevent future asthmatic attack
Long-Acting Control Medications
44
Most potent and effective anti-inflammatory medications for asthma: long acting
Corticosteroids
45
Most common oral and IV preparation of corticosteroids
prednisone, methylprednisolone
46
Used for long-term control of asthma. Also effective in the prevention of exerciseinduced asthma
Long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA)
47
Examples of Long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA)
Theophylline and Salmeterol & Formoterol
48
Used in addition to inhaled corticosteroids, mainly for relief of nighttime asthma symptoms
Theophylline
49
have the duration of bronchodilation of at least 12 hours
Salmeterol and Formoterol
50
Act by interfering leukotriene synthesis and by blocking the receptors where leukotrienes would exert their action.
Leukotriene modifiers (inhibitors), or Antileukotrienes
51
Examples of Leukotriene modifiers or Antileukotrienes
Montelukast, Zafirlukast, and Zileuton
52
Prevent IgE from binding to high affinity receptors of basophils and mast cells
Immunomodulators
53
a monoclonal antibody and may be used for patients with allergies and severe persistent asthma
Omalizumab (Xolair)
54
Used when all other medications in asthma are ineffective
Methylxanthines
55
measure the highest volume of airflow during a forced expiration
Peak flow meters
56
Rapid onset of severe, and persistent asthma that does not respond to conventional therapy
Status Asthmaticus
57
Initial stage: respiratory alkalosis, decreased PaCO2 and decreased PaO2
Status Asthmaticus
58
As this worsens, Respiratory acidosis, increase PaCO2 and increase PaO2
Status Asthmaticus
59
The disappearance of wheezing in status asthmaticus suggests
impending respiratory failure
60
TRUE OR FALSE: In status asthmaticus, increasing PaCO2 - is a danger sign
TRUE
61
If the condition status asthmaticus is not reversed, the patient may develop
pneumothorax cardiac/pulmonary arrest
62
A preventable, slowly progressive respiratory disease involving the airway, lung parenchyma, or both.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
63
If pt lacks Alpha-1 Antitrypsin, lung tissues will be destroyed
“Lung Destruction”
64
causes lysis to lungs
Trypsin
65
Caused by the activation of the vasoactive substances and narrowing of the airways
Pulmonary hypertension
66
Types of COPD
Emphysema Chronic Bronchitis
67
Abnormal distention of the air spaces beyond the terminal bronchioles and destruction of the walls of the alveoli
Emphysema
68
Key characteristic of Emphysema
Air trapping
69
AKA Pink Puffer
Emphysema
70
2 major changes in emphysema
Loss of lung elasticity Hyperinflation of the lung
71
most important environmental risk factor of emphysema
Smoking
72
Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles caused by chronic exposure to irritants especially tobacco smoke
Chronic bronchitis
73
AKA "Blue bloater"
Chronic bronchitis
74
Unique characteristics Color: dusky to cyanotic -
Chronic bronchitis
75
Most suitable O2 administration device in COPD which is
Ventura mask
76
Severe hypoxemia in COPD is a sign of:
impending respiratory failure
77
Closure or collapse of the alveoli
Atelectasis
78
2 kinds of atelectasis
Acute and Chronis
79
Kind of atelectasis: Common in post-operative setting or in people who are immobilized and have a shallow monotonous breathing pattern.
Acute atelectasis
80
Kind of atelectasis:Common in patients with chronic airway obstruction that impedes or blocks airflow to an area of the lung
Chronic atelectasis
81
Hallmarks of the severity of atelectasis:
Tachypnea Dyspnea Mild-to moderate hypoxemia
82
COUGH Program in atelectasis
Incentive spirometry Coughing and deep breathing Oral care (brushing teeth and using mouthwash twice a day) Understanding (patient and staff education) Getting out of bed at least three times daily Head-of-bed elevation
83
An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue, the alveolar space, or both
Pulmonary Edema

NCM 215A (7 decks)

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