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NCM 215A > Respi (Part 2) > Flashcards

Respi (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction and a reduction in ventilation

A

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

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2
Q

cessation of breathing during sleep caused by repetitive upper airway obstruction

A

Sleep apnea

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3
Q

there is an obstruction of the airway on the site which is brought about by the backward movement of the tongue

A

obstructive sleep apnea

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4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Muscle tone tends to be reduced during sleep. Hence,
there is a possibility for the tongue to fall backwards.

A

TRUE

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5
Q

the excess in the production of
immature red blood cells triggered by hypoxia

A

Polycythemia

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6
Q

continuous increase of pressure that
can result to abnormalities in the right side of the heart due to abnormalities brought about by the lungs.

A

Cor pulmonale

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7
Q

3S of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

A

Snoring
Sleepiness
Significant sleep apnea

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8
Q

Definitive test for sleep apnea, performed during an overnight sleep study

A

Polysomnography (PSG)

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9
Q

Apparatus for detecting and recording brain waves.

A

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

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10
Q

Measures the cornea-retinal standing potential that exists between the front and back of the human eye

A

Electrooculography (EOG)

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11
Q

Used to identify the presence of abnormal cardiac rhythms

A

Electrocardiography (ECG)

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12
Q

Identifies depth of sleep, respiratory effort, oxygen saturation, and muscle movement

A

Electromyography

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13
Q

inserted into our patient’s oral cavity in such a way that the mandible of the patient would be moved forward or will be guided to move forward.

A

Mandibular Enhancement Device (MAD)

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14
Q

machines can be set to two pressure settings as for inhalation (high-ipap) and exhalation (low-epap) apnea

A

r Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BIPAP)

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15
Q

(Wakefulness-promoting agent), Narcolepsy due to sleep apnea by promoting daytime wakefulness

A

Modafinil

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16
Q

(Tricyclic Antidepressant) Increase respiratory drive and improve upper airway
muscle tone, given at bedtime

A

Protriptyline

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17
Q

Medication for Sleep apnea associated with chronic alveolar hypoventilation

A

Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Acetazolamide

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18
Q

antidiuretic. It would try to decrease the swelling of the lung tissues in such a way that the other drugs would take effect

A

Acetazolamide

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19
Q

remove the uvula. This allows for the decrease of volume of tissues in the neck cavity; hence later on, with the hope that can also aid in the obstruction that the patient is feeling

A

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty [UPP]

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20
Q

Pins and screws are placed for the skull to get
accustomed that position to prevent obstruction of airway

A

Maxillomandibular Surgery

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21
Q

An incision is made through the trachea that would act as the artificial airway for the patients

A

Tracheostomy

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22
Q

Hemorrhage from the nose, caused by rupture of tiny distended vessels in the mucous membrane of any area of the nose capillaries.

A

Epistaxis (Nosebleed)

23
Q

Most common site of epistaxis:

A

Anterior septum, where 3 major
blood vessels enter the nasal cavity

24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Posterior nasal bleeding is an emergency.

A

TRUE

25
Q

using epistaxis catheters or a gel tampon used to stop bleeding that originates in the posterior nasal region.

A

Posterior packing

26
Q

Inflammation on both pleural layers (visceral and parietal)

A

Pleurisy/ Pleuritis

27
Q

Most common cause disorders of pleuritis

A

Pneumonia
Upper respiratory tract infection
Tuberculosis
Cancer (primary or metastatic)

28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Inflamed pleural membranes rub together during respiration (intensified on inspiration), the result is ______

A

severe, sharp, knifelike pain.

29
Q

Spliting in Pleuritis

A

turning to the affected side to put pressure and decrease pain

30
Q

There is collection of fluid in the pleural space

A

Pleural effusion

31
Q

Two Types of Fluid Accumulation

A

Exudative
Transudative

32
Q

Extravasation of fluid into tissues or cavities which result from inflammation of bacterial products or tumors involving pleural spaces

A

Exudative fluids

33
Q

Filtrate of plasma that moves through the capillary walls.

A

Transudative fluids

34
Q

Extract fluids regardless of being transudative or exudative. A needle is inserted into the ribs with caution so that the lungs and the diaphragm would not be punctured.

A

Thoracentesis

35
Q

The best position in thoracentesis

A

Sitting, orthopneic position, lying on the unaffected side

36
Q

Removal of the part of the pleura to prevent fluid from collecting in the affected area

A

Surgical pleurectomy

37
Q

Obliterate the pleural space and prevent of fluid
reaccummulation. A substance is instilled to the lungs through a chest tube or thoracoscopic procedure

A

Chemical Pleurodesis

38
Q

Abnormal presence of air in the pleural space that results in a rise in chest pressure and a reduction in vital capacity → collapse of a portion of the entire lung.

A

Pneumothorax

39
Q

3 Types of Pneumothoraxes

A

Simple (breach of pleura)
Traumatic (air entry to the pleural space)
Traumatic (air entry to the pleural space)

40
Q

Type of pneumothorax: Rupture of bleb or a bronchopleural fistula

A

Simple

41
Q

Type of pneumothorax: Occurs when air escapes from a laceration in the lung itself and the wound is large enough for the air to be excreted when the patient is inhaling, and enters the pleural space (visceral or parietal) or from a wound in the chest wall.

A

Traumatic

42
Q

deposit of blood in the thoracic cavity due to major trauma

A

Hemothorax

43
Q

the wound in the chest wall is large enough to allow free movement of air in and out of the thoracic cavity with each attempted respiration

A

Open pneumothorax

44
Q

shifting of the heart and the great vessels towards the uninjured site with each inspiration and opposite (affected side) during expiration
because of the presence of the open wound which allows the movement of air.

A

Mediastinal flutter or swing

45
Q

the great vessel and the trachea shift towards the unaffected side of the chest

A

Mediastinal shift

46
Q

Type of pneumothorax: Due to a small opening or wound in the chest wall; air trapping

A

Tension

47
Q

Sound on percussion in pneumothorax

A

Hyperresonance or hyper typmanic: due to increase in air

48
Q

Tracheal deviation in open pneumothorax

A

away from the affected side

49
Q

Tracheal deviation in closed pneumothorax

A

towards the affected side

50
Q

Tracheal deviation in tension pneumothorax (open pneumothorax)

A

away from the affected side

51
Q

There is a deposit of blood in the thoracic cavity

A

Hemothorax

52
Q

Several X-rays are taken in different time
periods for the doctor to evaluate if the
contents of the thorax have already been
drained.

A

CXR serial evaluation

53
Q

purpose is to ligate the blood vessels that are actively bleeding

A

Open thoracotomy

54
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Chest tube should always be
lower than the patient’s body.

A

TRUE

NCM 215A (7 decks)

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