resp treatment

Question 1

asthma

Answer 1

1) SABA (salbutamol)
2) + Inhaled Corticoid Steroid (beclomethasone)
3) + LABA (salmeterol)
4) Increase steroid
5) + Leukotriene receptor antagonist (montelukast)
6) + Theophylline (methalyxine)
7) Oral prednisolone

Question 2

acute asthma (OSHITMA)

Answer 2

Oxygen
Salbutamol
Hydrocortisone /Prednisolone
Ipratropium bromide
Magnesium sulphate
Theophylline
Anaesthetist

Question 3

COPD

Answer 3

SAMA
LAMA
LABA + Inhaled Corticoid Steroid

Question 4

acute COPD (ISOAP)

Answer 4

Ipratropium bromide
Salbutamol
Oxygen (24-28%)
Amoxicillin (/doxycycline)
Prednisolone (oral)

Question 5

Bronchiectasis

Answer 5

Postural drainage 2x daily
Antibiotics according to pathogen

Question 6

Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 6

1) Treat any inflammation Ie. ground glass on HRCT

1st line treatment: Systemic Corticosteroids - oral prednisolone
2nd line treatment - Oral Azathioprine (steroid sparing)

Question 7

extrinsic allergic alveolitis

Answer 7

1) Remove trigger factor, Dust, drug, allergen
2) Corticoidsteroids – oral Prednisolone
3) Oral Azathioprine (steroid spairing)
4) Immunosuppressives

Question 8

sarcoidosis

Answer 8

1) Oral prednisolone
2) Oral Azathioprine (steroid sparing)
3) Immunosuppressants
4) NSAIDS
5) Monitoring

Question 9

pneumonia

Answer 9

1) Oxygen, fluids, bed rest, no smoking
2) Antibiotics
Mild/mod – Amoxicillin
Severe – Co-amoxiclav IV + Clarithromycin/doxycycline

   HAP/aspiration 
   Severe: IV Amoxicillin + Metronidazole + Gentamicin 
    (TRIPLE THERAPY)
   Non-severe: Amoxicillin + Metronidazole

Question 10

Tuberculosis (2RIPE 4RI)

Answer 10

2 months
Rifampicin (orange urine, tears)
Isoniazid (tingling extremities, muscle weakness)
Pyrazinamide (gout)
Ethambutol (colour-blindness, vision issues)
4 months
Rifampicin
Isoniazid

Question 11

croup

Answer 11

prednisolone

Question 12

cystic fibrosis

Answer 12

Oral antibiotics
Physio
Bronchodilators – SABAs etc
ideal = transplant

Question 13

empyema

Answer 13

Chest drain 4/5th intercostal space mid-axillary line

Question 14

epiglottis

Answer 14

ITU
Ceftriaxone
DO NOT INTUBATE OR USE TONGUE DEPRESSOR

Question 15

Obstructive sleep apnoea

Answer 15

Weight reduction, avoidance of tobacco and alcohol
CPAP via nasal mask during sleep
Surgery to relieve pharyngeal obstruction

Question 16

pulmonary oedema

Answer 16

Treatment of underlying cause
Oxygen
Loop diuretics – Frusemide
Nitrates

Question 17

whooping cough

Answer 17

erythromycin

Question 18

pneumothorax

Answer 18

Large
- Needle aspiration (thoracentesis)
- Chest drain

Tension
- Needle decompression with large bore cannula (grey/orange) 2nd intercostal space midclavicular line
- Oxygen 24-28%

Question 19

PE

Answer 19

Investigations:
CTPA
V/Q scan if pregnant

Treatment:
Minor – Anticoagulants
Major without RVD – Anticoagulants
Major with RVD – Anticoagulants + Thrombolysis
Massive with shock or syncope – Thrombolysis + Surgery

Question 20

bronchial cancer

Answer 20

Small cell – Palliative
Adenocarcinoma – Excision
Squamous cell - Excision
Large cell – Excision

Question 21

mesothelioma

Answer 21

chemo