cardio drugs

Question 1

ace inhibitor

Answer 1

lisinopril, imidapril, ramipril (pril)

Question 2

mechanism of ace inhibitor

Answer 2

block angiotensin converting enzyme = vasodilation

Question 3

use of ace inhibitors

Answer 3

first line for hypertension in white and under 55. AND ALL DIABETICS

Question 4

side effects of ace inhibitor

Answer 4

dry cough, renal dysfunction. dont use in pregnancy

Question 5

ARB

Answer 5

losartan, valsartan, candesartan (sartan)

Question 6

mechanism of ARB

Answer 6

angiotensin II receptor blocked = vasodilation

Question 7

use for ARB

Answer 7

hypertension and heart failure. doesnt cause dry cough

Question 8

side effects of ARb

Answer 8

oedema. dont use in pregnancy

Question 9

calcium channel blocker

Answer 9

amlodipine (non-rate limiting) verapamil (rate limiting)

Question 10

mechanism of CCB

Answer 10

block entry of Ca2 into cell = arteriolar smooth muscle relaxation. negative inotropic effects

Question 11

uses of CCB

Answer 11

hypertension (not RL) angina ( RL) supraventricular arrhythmias (RL)

Question 12

side effects of CCB

Answer 12

dizziness, hypotension. dont use in heart failure

Question 13

thiazide diuretics

Answer 13

bendroflumethiazide

Question 14

uses of thiazide diuretics. side effects

Answer 14

hypertension can cause hypokalemia

Question 15

loop diuretics

Answer 15

furosemide

Question 16

uses of loop diuretics, side effects

Answer 16

heart failure can cause hypokalemia

Question 17

potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 17

spironolactone

Question 18

uses of potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 18

heart failure, ascites/oedema. can cause hyperkalemia

Question 19

beta blockers

Answer 19

propanolol, atenolol (olol)

Question 20

mechanism of beta blockers

Answer 20

blocks B1 receptors from increasing rate, force and AV node speed = relaxation of muscle

Question 21

uses of beta blockers

Answer 21

arrhythmias, angina, heart failure, hypertension (can be used in pregnancy)

Question 22

side effects of beta blockers

Answer 22

cold peripheries, fatigue. dont use in asthma

Question 23

muscarinic antagonists

Answer 23

atropine. increases heart rate. used in severe bradycardia. can cause dry mouth and blurred vision

Question 24

nitrates

Answer 24

GTN spray. relaxes smooth muscle. used in angina. can cause hypotension, fainting and headache

Question 25

digoxin

Answer 25

blocks AV conduction - increased delay. used in heart failure and Afib. can cause heart block

Question 26

beta adrenoreceptor agonist

Answer 26

adrenaline. increases contractility, force and rate. used in cardiac arrest but can cause arrhythmias.

Question 27

class 1 antiarrhythmic

Answer 27

flecanide. rhythm control

Question 28

class 2 antiarrhythmic

Answer 28

beta blockers, metoprolol. rate control

Question 29

class 3 antiarrhythmic

Answer 29

amiodarone. VT and VF. rhythm control

Question 30

class 4 antiarrhythmic

Answer 30

verapamil. SVT. rate control

Question 31

anti platelet

Answer 31

aspirin, clopidogrel. prevents new thrombi forming. angina, MI, Afib. can cause haemorrhage

Question 32

anticoagulant. warfarin

Answer 32

blocks clotting factors, vitamin K antagonist. DVT, PE, NSTEMI. toxicity reversed by vitamin K

Question 33

anticoagulant. heparin

Answer 33

low molecular weight heparin. blocks clotting factors

Question 34

anticoagulant. doac

Answer 34

direct oral anticoagulant. apixaban. inhibit thrombin

Question 35

statins

Answer 35

simvastatin, atorvastatin. reduce LDL production in liver. used in hypercholesterolaemia, angina. dont use in pregnancy, interacts with macrolide

Question 36

adenosine

Answer 36

used in SVT