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Anatomy II: Exam III > Resp System Development and Histo > Flashcards

Resp System Development and Histo Flashcards

1
Q

when does development begin

A

week 4

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2
Q

what is the first developmental structure

A

respiratory diverticulum (lung bud) appears as outgrowth of foregut

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3
Q

what is the lining of larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

A

endodermal origins

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4
Q

what forms cart, muscular, and CT components of trachea and lungs?

A

splanchnic meso

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5
Q

what occurs as lung bud beings to grow caudally

A

tracheoesophageal ridges begin to separate the lung bud from foregut

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6
Q

tracheoesophageal suptum

A

fusion of tracheoesophageal ridges

dorsal: eso
vent: trachea and lung buds

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7
Q

esophageal atresias

A

abnormalities in partitioning of eso and trachea by tracheoesophageal septum
*can be w/ or w/o fistulas

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8
Q

what keeps resp diverticulum and pharynx in open communication

A

laryngeal orifice (initially a sagittal slit which changes to a T shaped opening)

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9
Q

what do laryngeal carts and mm arise from?

A

pharyngeal arches IV and VI

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10
Q

what innervates structures from pharyngeal arches IV and VI

A

IV: sup laryngeal n
VI: recurrent laryngeal n

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11
Q

what does laryngeal mesenchyme transform into

A
  1. thyroid cart
  2. cricoid cart
  3. arytenoid cart
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12
Q

what does epiglottis form from

A

mesenchyme of caudal hypopharyngeal eminence

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13
Q

what does lung bud divide to form

A

2 primary bronchial buds

  • R forms 3 secondary buds, L forms 2
  • R forms 10 tertiary buds, L forms 8
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14
Q

what forms pleural cavities

A

as lung buds grow caudally and laterally they expand into the pericardioperitoneal canals which will gradually narrow

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15
Q

what gives rise to visceral pleura of lungs

A

splanchnic meso

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16
Q

what gives rise to parietal pleura

A

somatic meso lining thor body wall

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17
Q

what is the end of the conduction system

A

terminal bronchioles (small brs from resp trees)

18
Q

what do term bronchioles divide into

A 
resp bronchioles (beginning of resp division)
*term sacs formed at end of resp trees
19
Q

periods of development

A
  1. pseudoglandular period (5-16wks): babies cannot survice b/c no sacs/cells present
  2. canalicular period (16-26 wks): term bronch->resp bronch->alveolar ducts
  3. term sac period (26wks-birth): term sacs form, capillaries are established, babies born early need breathing help
20
Q

what lines term sac walls

A

simple squ epi, mostly type I, some type II

21
Q

fnctns of resp system

A
  1. air condition
  2. air filtration
  3. gas exchange
22
Q

2 fnctional divisions

A
  1. conducting: nasal cav, naso/oro/laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, term bronchioles, NO GAS EXCHANGE
  2. resp: resp bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli
23
Q

olfactory epi

A
  • pseudostrat col epi
  • have olfactory receptor cells, supporting cells, basal cells, brush cells
  • bowmans glands produce mucous
  • no goblet cells
24
Q

conducting division

A
  • cleans, warms, humidifies air
  • cilia of resp epi sweep mucous w/ trapped particulate toward pharynx
  • has cart, seromucous glands, mucous cells, elastic fibers in CT, highly vascular
25
Q

nasal cavity

A
  • tall pseudostrat col epi

- basal cells, goblet cells, thin BM, thick LP w/ BVs

26
Q

pharynx

A
  1. naso: ciliated pseudostrat columnar
  2. oro: nonkeratinized strat squ
  3. laryngo: nonkeratinized strat squ
27
Q

larynx

A
  • cartilages in LP
  • vest fold covered w/ resp epi
  • vocal folds covered w/ nonkeratinized strat squ epi also on epiglottis
28
Q

trachea

A
  • resp epi in lining
  • mucoua: resp epi on thick BM
  • submucosa: LCT
  • cart layer w/ trachealis m
  • adventitia
29
Q

how does bronchi begin to differ from trachea

A
  1. cart rings are replaced w/ hyaline cart and disappear
  2. SM increases as cart decreases
  3. height of resp epi decreases as bronchi decrease in diameter
30
Q

bronchi

A

-mucosa, muscularis, submucosa, cart layer, adventitia

31
Q

bronchioles

A
  • no cart in walls, no glands in submucosa, epi height gets smaller
  • changes from resp epi->ciliated simple col->ciliated simple cub epi
32
Q

are goblet cells present in term bronchioles

A

no

33
Q

clara cells

A

present in term bronchioles, protect bronchiolar epi, produce surfactant

34
Q

respiratory division

A

resp bronchioles->alveolar ducts->alv sac->alveoli

35
Q

resp bronchiole

A

cuboidal epi

prox: ciliated cells and clara
dist: just clara

36
Q

alveolar ducts

A

almost no walls, only alveoli as peripheral boundary, knobs of SM

37
Q

alveolar sacs

A

spaces surround by clusters of alveoli

38
Q

alveoli

A

150-250 million/lungs, interalveolar septa demarcate and separate adjacent alveoli

39
Q

cells of alveoli

A
  1. type I: squamous, provide minimal diffusion barrier
  2. type II: irregular cuboidal cells, produce surfactant, progenitor for type I
  3. alveolar macros: called dust cells, little black dots, sit on alveolar surface or in alveolar sapce
  4. endothelial cells
  5. fibroblasts
40
Q

air blood barrier

A

composed of

  1. surface lining and cytoplasm of alveolar cells
  2. fused basal laminae of alveolar cells and cap endo cells
  3. cytoplasm of endothelial cells
    * type I alveolar cells, endothelial cells, dual basal lamina

Anatomy II: Exam III (14 decks)

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