Resp Pharmo

Question 1

Bronchodilators

generics
Indication
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects 
Nursing considerations

Answer 1

B2 antagonists:

• relax bronchial smooth muscle
  contras: pregnancy
  adverse: tremor, tachycardia, palpitations

Methylxanthines
- smooth muscle relaxation, inhibit release of inflamm mediators
contras: pregnancy
Adverse: anxiety, headache, nausea

Anticholinergics
- blocking vagal tone and reflexes that induce bronchoconstriction
Contras: Angina
Adverse: Dry mouth, irritated throat

Question 2

Corticosteroids (preventer medication)

Answer 2

Local: 
- used in chronic asthma to decrease airway obstruction due to inflammation
Contras: 
- nasal spray 
Adverse: 
- Diarrhoea 
- sore throat, dry mouth 

Systemic: (prednisalone) 
- used for short period of time to assist with acute resp condition
- suppress inflamm response 
contras: 
- pregnancy 
Adverse: 
- hypertension
- nausea
- sodium retention
Nursing: 
- monitor electrolytes 
- FBC

Question 3

Mast cell stabilisers (preventers)

Answer 3

• anti inflames inhibit release of histamine from mast cells
  contras: nasal spray
  adverse: headache, nausea,

nursing: use with a spacer
don’t stop abruptly as asthma may worsen

Question 4

leukotriene receptor antagonists

Answer 4

• block leukotriene receptors to reduce inflammation, mucus and bronchoconstriction

contras: pregnancy
adverse: fever, headache, fatigue

Nursing: not used as a reliever during acute asthma

Question 5

antihistamines

Answer 5

• block action of histamines to treat allergic reactions
  indication: hay fever
  contras: cardio disease
  adverse: sedation, fatigue, dry eyes

Nursing: advise against driving (drowsiness)

Question 6

Mucolytics

Answer 6

• removal of resp tract secretions by thinning them
• alter structure of mucous to aid in removal

adverse: nausea, vomitting