Resp Lecture 3 🌁💨🌬

Question 1

Definition of Respiration

Answer 1

1. To extract oxygen from the air and together with the cardiovascular system transport it to respiring tissues
2. Remove carbon dioxide from respiring tissues(an end product of aerobic metabolism) and exhaust into atmosphere

Question 2

INCREASE in:
Size
And

Answer 2

Distance

Metabolic Rate

Question 3

phrenic motor nucleus (C3-C5)

Answer 3

phrenic nerve (diaphragm)

Question 4

intercostal motor neurones (T1-L1)

Answer 4

internal & external intercostal nerves

Question 5

abdominal motor neurones (T7-L1)

Answer 5

abdominal nerve (rectus abdominus)

Question 6

70% of inspiratory effort is produced by

Answer 6

diaphragm contraction

Question 7

INSPIRATION

Answer 7

ACTIVE PROCESS)
Ribs move up and out
Diaphragm flattens

Question 8

EXPIRATION

Answer 8

EXPIRATION
(PASSIVE PROCESS AT REST)
Ribs move down and in
Diaphragm doms up

Question 9

Internal intercostal

Answer 9

Expiration

Question 10

External intercostal

Answer 10

Inspiration

Question 11

Diaphragm

Answer 11

INSPIRATION

Question 12

Ppul

Answer 12

Pulmonary

Question 13

Ppl

Answer 13

Pleural Pressure

Question 14

Pneumothorax

Answer 14

Thoracic puncture wound • Air rushes into chest • Loss of negative pleural pressure

Question 15

Vitalographs

Answer 15

Measure Gas Volume Dynamics

Question 16

Respiratory Muscles and their nervous innervation The main respiratory muscles include the diaphragm and

Answer 16

external intercostal muscles (used for inspiration) and internal intercostals and abdominal muscles (for active expiration during exercise but also for cough and vocalization).

Question 17

At rest, inspiration is an active process requiring muscle contraction whereas expiration is

Answer 17

passive relying on the recoil forces of the chest wall & lungs.

Question 18

The lungs are separated from the chest wall by the

Answer 18

pleural space

Question 19

Measurements of pressure within the pleural space (intrapleural pressure; Ppl) indicate a

Answer 19

pressure gradient such that the intrapleural pressure is negative (-2 to -10 cm water) relative to the alveolar or pulmonary pressure (intrapulmonary pressure; Ppul)

Question 20

This negative Ppl helps keep the lungs from

Answer 20

collapsing and “adheres” them to the chest wall.

Question 21

During an inspiration chest volume increases The net efect is a more negative pleural pressure which causes

Answer 21

the lungs to expand with the chest. The result of the lungs inlating is a decrease in pulmonary pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. Since air moves from areas of high to low pressure, air rushes into lungs.

Question 22

The volume of air moving into the lungs at rest is the

Answer 22

tidal volume

Question 23

VT which is 0.5 L for an

Answer 23

average adult human. This can be measured on a spirometer.

Question 24

The volume of air from a maximal expiration to maximal inspiration

Answer 24

vital capacity.

Question 25

Residual volume cannot be

Answer 25

measured with a spirometer but assessed by a dilution method involving breathing helium gas (which is inert). This techniques allows total lung capacity (TLC) to be measured.

Question 26

Volumes = measured;

Answer 26

capacities = calculated; Capacities = sum of two or more volumes

Question 27

List of evolution of respiratory stuff

Answer 27

• ameba
  -insect
• cartilage fish
• lung fish
• amphibious
• reptiles
  Increase in the size and distance and metabolic rate

Question 28

Rictus abdominals

Answer 28

Is for active expiration only

Question 29

Broken neck =

Answer 29

C3 and c5 no control over intercostal muscles = no breathing

Question 30

Active expiration

Answer 30

Cough, laugh, physicals activity

Question 31

Causation for dead space

Answer 31

Dis = 2.2ml x weight

Question 32

Treatment for pneumothorax

Answer 32

Restoring negative ppl

Question 33

Forced ventilation capacity

Answer 33

5L 80%