Reproductive Lecture 4 🐳👛

Question 1

Orchidectomy IS

Answer 1

removal of a testis

Question 2

In humans the testes move to the

Answer 2

scrotum from

the pelvis during pregnancy.

Question 3

What is cryptorchidism

Answer 3

If they do not descend

Cryptorchid individuals are infertile.

Question 4

Sperm are produced in

Answer 4

the seminiferous tubules

then move

Question 5

Sperm are produced in
the seminiferous tubules
then move

Answer 5

Into the rete testis then
Into the epididymis
Into the vas deferens

Question 6

in the epididymis sperm…

Answer 6

Sperm acquire the ability to be motile and to fertilize

Question 7

How long dose it take sperm to learn how to swim ?

Answer 7

10-14 days

Question 8

How dose the epididymis makes sperm more concentrated

Answer 8

The epididymis also reabsorbs liquid from around

the sperm making it more concentrated.

Question 9

How long is the vas deferens

Answer 9

45 cm long

Question 10

The vas deferens Run from …..

Answer 10

the epididymis
up and around the bladder
then back down to join the
ejaculatory duct.

Question 11

The seminal vesicles

empty into

Answer 11

the ejaculatory duct which joins the urethra at the prostate.

Question 12

How long is the urethra and where dose it run

Answer 12

The urethra is about 20 cm long and runs from the bladder through the prostate to the end of the penis.

Question 13

Accessory glands – seminal vesicles
Secretory glands (not storage areas) that secrete a mucoid (sticky) substance containing

Answer 13

Alkaline
Fructose – energy source for sperm
prostaglandins
clotting proteins.

Question 14

The contents of the seminal vesicles are emptied into the

Answer 14

ejaculatory duct directly after the sperm is ejected from the vas deferens and washes sperm down the ejaculatory duct

Question 15

The prostaglandins may induce…

Answer 15

contractions in the female reproductive

tract.

Question 16

The prostate

Answer 16

A doughnut shaped organ about the size of a golf ball

Question 17

The urethra passes through the prostate which

Answer 17

secretes prostatic fluid into the urethra

ahead of sperm during ejaculation.

Question 18

The prostate

• The prostate secretes

Answer 18

Slightly Acidic (pH6.5)
– contains citrate (for ATP)
– a milky colour
– phosphate and calcium,
– Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and other enzymes
• breaks down post ejaculation coagulum.

Question 19

The acidity of prostatic fluid is neutralised in….

Answer 19

semen by seminal vesicle fluid.

Question 20

Semen consists of

Answer 20

1. sperm=10%
2. seminal vesicle fluid =60%
3. prostatic fluid=30%
4. other secretions = small amounts

Question 21

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 21

Excess growth of the prostate
– occludes the urethra
• Causes difficulty in voiding the bladder
• Eventually causes weakening of the bladder • Can cause urinary infections and kidney
problems.

Question 22

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

<40?

Answer 22

Rere

Question 23

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

In 50-59

Answer 23

17 %

Question 24

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

In 60- 69

Answer 24

• 27%

Question 25

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

In 70-79

Answer 25

35%

Question 26

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Over 85=

Answer 26

90%

Question 27

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Treatments include:

Answer 27

Selective 5 α-reductase inhibitor(s)
– Finasteride
– dutasteride 
 Stop the prostate enlarging or shrink it.
• Surgery

Question 28

Prostate cancer

Answer 28

a disease of older men 29% of all cancer cases (in men) are prostate

Question 29

Prostate Cancer

• Complicated by autopsy cancer

Answer 29

30% of men > 50 yrs old have prostate cancer at autopsy
– But only 9.5% have been diagnosed with prostate
cancer.

Question 30

What % of men have prostate cancer and dont know about it

Answer 30

66%

Question 31

The penis

• Three major structures

Answer 31

1) corpora cavernosa (x2)
2) corpus spongiosum
3) penile urethra

Question 32

corpora cavernosa

Answer 32

The main erectile tissues.

Question 33

corpus spongiosum

Answer 33

surrounds the penile urethra and prevents

occlusion during erection.

Question 34

penile urethra

Answer 34

conducts semen (and urine)

Question 35

Release of NO and Prostaglandin E1 causes

Answer 35

the smooth

muscle of the corpora cavernosa to relax.

Question 36

Blood fills the cavernous spaces of the

Answer 36

corpora cavernosa

Question 37

Viagra – sildenafil

Answer 37

Relaxation of the smooth muscle in the corpora cavernosa
requires Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP)
– (2nd messenger reduces intracellular calcium)

Question 38

The enzyme phosphodiesterase breaks down

Answer 38

GMP Guanosine Monophosphate

Question 39

Viagra inhibits

Answer 39

phosphodiesterase (type 5) leading to

increased GMP, relaxation of the arteries suppling the corpora cavernosa and erection.