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MedSci 👩🏻‍⚕️ > Resp Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Resp Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Turbinates / conchae

Are ?

A

Three bones in your nasal cavity that act to increased the sa and mix air
Take part in cleaning warming and humidifier or the air
Superior = smallest
Middle
Inferior= largest

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2
Q

Epithelium in the upper respiratory/ conduction zone

A

Epithelium – pseudostratified ciliated columnar

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3
Q

What is the mucociliary escalator and what dose it do

A
  • moves dirt and germs out
  • mucus that sits on top of cells moved by cilia
  • cleans and makes moist
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4
Q

Epithelium in bronchioles

A

Ciliated cuboidal cells + club cells

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5
Q

What are club cells

A

Cells with no cilla so in lower resp

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6
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The process where cells creat ATP by breaking down glucose in the presents of O2

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7
Q

Internal (tissue) respiration

A

The process of gas exchange between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue fluid!
And cells which surround them

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8
Q

External respiration

A

The process where O2 is absorbed from the outside into blood with in the pulmonary capillaries and CO2 is excreted

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9
Q

What works to Humidify air

A

Secretions of seromucous gland

Goblin cells

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10
Q

What works to finger air

A

Vibrissae

cilliated epithelium

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11
Q

What warms air

A

Rich blood supply under epi

Heat transfer

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12
Q

What warms cleans and makes air wet

A

Nasal conchae

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13
Q

During swallowing, food:

A

must pass through the oropharynx as it enters the oesophagus.

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14
Q

Party of air starting at the trachea descending order

A
  • trachea
  • main stem/primary bronchus
  • lobar/second bronchus
  • segmental/teritry bronchus
  • bronchioles
  • terminal bronchioles (conducting zone ends )
  • respiratory bronchiole
  • alveolar ducts
  • alveolus
  • alveolus sacs
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15
Q

Peseudostratified cilliated epithelium - smooth muscle -

A

Mucous glands - cartilage- alveoli

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16
Q

Bronchus =

A

Cartilage plates

Mucus cells and glands

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17
Q

c. Which type of airway is most dramatically affected during an asthma attack?

A

Bronchiole
Relative more smooth muscles
Club cells

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18
Q

Alveolar macrophage role

A

Phagocytose and remove dust and other particles

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19
Q

Type 2 alveolar cell secretion and role

A

Surfactant: reduces surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse

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20
Q

starting in the lumen of the alveolus, describe the order of layers that an oxygen molecule must pass through to reach a red blood cell:

A
  • lumen of alveolus
  • type 1 pneumocystis cell
  • fused basement membrane of type 1 alveolar cell and endothelial cell
  • cytoplasm of capillary endothelium
  • blood plasma
  • blood cell
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21
Q

type 1 pneumocystis cell

A

Very skinny cell lining of alveolus

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22
Q

The diffusion barrier is approximately how thick?

A

0.5 µm

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23
Q

Why are the right and left lungs slightly different in size and shape?

A

To accommodate the heart

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24
Q

How many lobes are there in each lung?

A

3 in the right, 2 in the left

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25
Q

Each lobe is supplied by a …….. bronchi

A

Secondary

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26
Q

What do primary bronchi supply

A

Left and right lung

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27
Q

What do terity bronchi supply

A

The segments of the lobes of the lungs

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28
Q

Which membrane cover the surface of the lungs

A

The visceral pleura

29
Q

The parietal pleura Lines

A

The thoracic wall

30
Q

The space between the pleura is called …. And filled with …….

A
  • interapleural space

- serous fluid

31
Q

During quite breathing inspiration (breathing in ) is caused by the contraction of ……
Which move the ribs ……..
And the ……….contracts and flattens to ……….

A
  • external intercostal muscles
  • upwards and outwards
  • diaphragm
  • increase the theatric cavity
32
Q

Expiration during quit breathing is

A

Passive

33
Q

During active/forceful expiration the

A

Internal intercostal muscles are engaged

34
Q

Two things are essential for ecient exchange

A

the difusion distance between air and blood must be small, and the surface area over which exchange takes place must be large.

35
Q

The internal surface area of the lungs is about

A

100m2

36
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

breathing) describes the bulk movement of air into and out of the lungs. The ventilatory pump comprises the rib cage with its associated muscles, and the diaphragm.

37
Q

The conducting part of the respiratory system is a series of

A

cavities and thick-walled tubes which conduct air between the nose and the deepest recesses of the lungs, and in doing so warm, humidify and clean it. The conducting airways are the nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles.

38
Q

The respiratory part of the system comprises the

A

tiny, thin-walled airways where gases are exchanged between air and blood. The airways are respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs, and the alveoli themselves.

39
Q

the nasal cavity is a

A

tall, narrow chamber lined with mucous membrane. The wet membrane
humidiies and warms inspired air.

40
Q

Nasal cavity ;

the medial surface is lat, the lateral surface carries

A

three sloping shelves (conchae) which

increase the surface area of the mucous membrane.

41
Q

air-illed (paranasal) sinuses open into the cavity. They

A

lighten the face and add resonance to

the voice.

42
Q

the roof of the cavity carries the

A

olfactory epithelium

43
Q

Turbulence caused by sning carries

air up to the epithelium. Axons of olfactory receptor cells lead towards the

A

brain through

perforations in the overlying bone, the cribriform plate.

44
Q

The pharynx is a

A

vertical passage with three parts, each having an anterior opening.

45
Q

The pharynx is an airway but also a foodway. In terms of its structure it is primarily part of
the

A

gastrointestinal system.

46
Q

CONDUCTING ZONE ends at

A

Terminal bronchioles

47
Q

The windpipe:/trachea

A

-12 cm long and as thick as your thumb.
- incomplete “C-shaped” rings of cartilage
- Free ends of the cartilage are
connected by trachealis muscle (smooth)
-Lined with a ciliated epithelium (pseudostratiied columnar)
-

48
Q

Cilliated transport from the trachea

A

Cilia transport a mucous sheet

upwards to the nasopharynx (the “mucociliary escalator”).

49
Q

Esophagus sits immediately

A

posterior to the trachea, lying in the shallow groove formed by
the trachealis muscle.

50
Q

In the conducting zone

A

There is no gas exchange

51
Q

Respiration is

A

Transfer of gas across a boundary or membrane

52
Q

Functional classification

A

Conducting and respiratory

53
Q

Structural classification

A

Upper - nostril - larynx

and lower - trachea- alveoli

54
Q

How saturated do we want air to be

A

100% saturated with H2O

55
Q

What temperature is air in the larynx

A

35

56
Q

What temperature do we want air to be

A

37

57
Q

All air ways are lined with

A

Liquid of some sort

58
Q

Respiratory epithelium =

A

Pseudostratified columer cilliated epithelium

- has Hal let cells to keep from drying out

59
Q

Seromucus

A

Glands under epi

60
Q

How many cilla per cell

A

100- 300

61
Q

Cillia beat

A

10x a sec
Move in a power stroke not uniform to move things
Moves mucus so we can swallow it :

62
Q

Olfactory bulb

A
  • for smell

- bone that have holes

63
Q

Smoke makes cillia,….

A

Paralysed

Toxins = more mucus = smokers cough to remove mucus -as cillia cant move it out

64
Q

Sibuese can fill with mucus and

A

Become infected !

65
Q

Olfactory epithelium

A

Roof of cavity

Foe smell

66
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx

A

Nasophaynx
Oropharynx = digestive system
Laryngopharynx

67
Q

The respite ray system only branches …

Now branch =

A

In 2

Genaration

68
Q

Below branches 20-23

A

Infection can cause serous problems

MedSci 👩🏻‍⚕️ (15 decks)

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