Resp Lecture 1 Flashcards
Turbinates / conchae
Are ?
Three bones in your nasal cavity that act to increased the sa and mix air
Take part in cleaning warming and humidifier or the air
Superior = smallest
Middle
Inferior= largest
Epithelium in the upper respiratory/ conduction zone
Epithelium – pseudostratified ciliated columnar
What is the mucociliary escalator and what dose it do
- moves dirt and germs out
- mucus that sits on top of cells moved by cilia
- cleans and makes moist
Epithelium in bronchioles
Ciliated cuboidal cells + club cells
What are club cells
Cells with no cilla so in lower resp
Cellular respiration
The process where cells creat ATP by breaking down glucose in the presents of O2
Internal (tissue) respiration
The process of gas exchange between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue fluid!
And cells which surround them
External respiration
The process where O2 is absorbed from the outside into blood with in the pulmonary capillaries and CO2 is excreted
What works to Humidify air
Secretions of seromucous gland
Goblin cells
What works to finger air
Vibrissae
cilliated epithelium
What warms air
Rich blood supply under epi
Heat transfer
What warms cleans and makes air wet
Nasal conchae
During swallowing, food:
must pass through the oropharynx as it enters the oesophagus.
Party of air starting at the trachea descending order
- trachea
- main stem/primary bronchus
- lobar/second bronchus
- segmental/teritry bronchus
- bronchioles
- terminal bronchioles (conducting zone ends )
- respiratory bronchiole
- alveolar ducts
- alveolus
- alveolus sacs
Peseudostratified cilliated epithelium - smooth muscle -
Mucous glands - cartilage- alveoli
Bronchus =
Cartilage plates
Mucus cells and glands
c. Which type of airway is most dramatically affected during an asthma attack?
Bronchiole
Relative more smooth muscles
Club cells
Alveolar macrophage role
Phagocytose and remove dust and other particles
Type 2 alveolar cell secretion and role
Surfactant: reduces surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse
starting in the lumen of the alveolus, describe the order of layers that an oxygen molecule must pass through to reach a red blood cell:
- lumen of alveolus
- type 1 pneumocystis cell
- fused basement membrane of type 1 alveolar cell and endothelial cell
- cytoplasm of capillary endothelium
- blood plasma
- blood cell
type 1 pneumocystis cell
Very skinny cell lining of alveolus
The diffusion barrier is approximately how thick?
0.5 µm
Why are the right and left lungs slightly different in size and shape?
To accommodate the heart
How many lobes are there in each lung?
3 in the right, 2 in the left
Each lobe is supplied by a …….. bronchi
Secondary
What do primary bronchi supply
Left and right lung
What do terity bronchi supply
The segments of the lobes of the lungs
Which membrane cover the surface of the lungs
The visceral pleura
The parietal pleura Lines
The thoracic wall
The space between the pleura is called …. And filled with …….
- interapleural space
- serous fluid
During quite breathing inspiration (breathing in ) is caused by the contraction of ……
Which move the ribs ……..
And the ……….contracts and flattens to ……….
- external intercostal muscles
- upwards and outwards
- diaphragm
- increase the theatric cavity
Expiration during quit breathing is
Passive
During active/forceful expiration the
Internal intercostal muscles are engaged
Two things are essential for ecient exchange
the difusion distance between air and blood must be small, and the surface area over which exchange takes place must be large.
The internal surface area of the lungs is about
100m2
Pulmonary ventilation
breathing) describes the bulk movement of air into and out of the lungs. The ventilatory pump comprises the rib cage with its associated muscles, and the diaphragm.
The conducting part of the respiratory system is a series of
cavities and thick-walled tubes which conduct air between the nose and the deepest recesses of the lungs, and in doing so warm, humidify and clean it. The conducting airways are the nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles.
The respiratory part of the system comprises the
tiny, thin-walled airways where gases are exchanged between air and blood. The airways are respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs, and the alveoli themselves.
the nasal cavity is a
tall, narrow chamber lined with mucous membrane. The wet membrane
humidiies and warms inspired air.
Nasal cavity ;
the medial surface is lat, the lateral surface carries
three sloping shelves (conchae) which
increase the surface area of the mucous membrane.
air-illed (paranasal) sinuses open into the cavity. They
lighten the face and add resonance to
the voice.
the roof of the cavity carries the
olfactory epithelium
Turbulence caused by sning carries
air up to the epithelium. Axons of olfactory receptor cells lead towards the
brain through
perforations in the overlying bone, the cribriform plate.
The pharynx is a
vertical passage with three parts, each having an anterior opening.
The pharynx is an airway but also a foodway. In terms of its structure it is primarily part of
the
gastrointestinal system.
CONDUCTING ZONE ends at
Terminal bronchioles
The windpipe:/trachea
-12 cm long and as thick as your thumb.
- incomplete “C-shaped” rings of cartilage
- Free ends of the cartilage are
connected by trachealis muscle (smooth)
-Lined with a ciliated epithelium (pseudostratiied columnar)
-
Cilliated transport from the trachea
Cilia transport a mucous sheet
upwards to the nasopharynx (the “mucociliary escalator”).
Esophagus sits immediately
posterior to the trachea, lying in the shallow groove formed by
the trachealis muscle.
In the conducting zone
There is no gas exchange
Respiration is
Transfer of gas across a boundary or membrane
Functional classification
Conducting and respiratory
Structural classification
Upper - nostril - larynx
and lower - trachea- alveoli
How saturated do we want air to be
100% saturated with H2O
What temperature is air in the larynx
35
What temperature do we want air to be
37
All air ways are lined with
Liquid of some sort
Respiratory epithelium =
Pseudostratified columer cilliated epithelium
- has Hal let cells to keep from drying out
Seromucus
Glands under epi
How many cilla per cell
100- 300
Cillia beat
10x a sec
Move in a power stroke not uniform to move things
Moves mucus so we can swallow it :
Olfactory bulb
- for smell
- bone that have holes
Smoke makes cillia,….
Paralysed
Toxins = more mucus = smokers cough to remove mucus -as cillia cant move it out
Sibuese can fill with mucus and
Become infected !
Olfactory epithelium
Roof of cavity
Foe smell
What are the 3 parts of the pharynx
Nasophaynx
Oropharynx = digestive system
Laryngopharynx
The respite ray system only branches …
Now branch =
In 2
Genaration
Below branches 20-23
Infection can cause serous problems
