resp formative wk1

Question 1

Bohr Effect

Answer 1

the oxygen dissociation curve is shifted to the right due to conditions in the tissues => more oxygen released

Question 2

Haldane effect

Answer 2

as oxygen is removed from Hb, Hb’s ability to pick up CO2 and CO2 H+ ions is increased

Question 3

Henry’s law

Answer 3

the amount of gas dissolved in a given type and volume of liquid at a constant temperature is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the liquid

Question 4

synthetic glucocorticoid used to prevent inflammation in chronic asthma

Answer 4

ICS - inhaled beclomethasone

Question 5

synthetic glucocorticoid used in severe/rapidly deteriorating asthma

Answer 5

ICS- Oral prednisolone

Question 6

weak anti-inflam for allergic asthma (useful in kids/YAs)

Answer 6

inhaled sodium cromoglycate

Question 7

what is internal respiration

Answer 7

intracellular mechanisms that consume oxygen and produce CO2

Question 8

boyle’s law

Answer 8

at a constant temperature, the pressure exerted by a gas varies inversely with the volume of the gas

Question 9

law of laplace

Answer 9

smaller alveoli = greater chance of collapsing

P=2T/r

Question 10

Dalton’s law

Answer 10

the total pressure of a mixture of gases equals the sum of each of the individual gases’ partial pressures

Question 11

fick’s law of diffusion

Answer 11

gas diffusion is inversely proportional to the surface thickness, AND proportional to the area

Question 12

myoglobin dissociation curve

Answer 12

hyperbolic curve

Question 13

haemoglobin dissociation curve

Answer 13

sigmoidal curve

Question 14

bohr effect on haemoglobin dissociation curve

Answer 14

sigmoidal curve shifted to the right

Question 15

site of horizontal fissure

Answer 15

right 4th rib

Question 16

level of carina

Answer 16

rib 2

Question 17

level of oblique fissure posteriorly

Answer 17

T3 vertebrae

Question 18

where lung base is auscultated

Answer 18

T11 vertebrae

Question 19

product of type II alveolar cells that opposes surface tension

Answer 19

alveolar surfactant

Question 20

keeps visceral and parietal pleura closely opposed

can be overcome by a pneumothorax

Answer 20

transmural pressure gradient

Question 21

whats alveolar surfactant

Answer 21

product of type II alveolar cells that opposes surface tension

Question 22

transmural pressure gradient

Answer 22

keeps visceral and parietal pleura closely opposed

can be overcome by pneumothorax

Question 23

keeps visceral and parietal pleura closely opposed

depends on water molecule polarity

Answer 23

intrapleural fluid

Question 24

whats function of intrapleural fluid

Answer 24

keeps visceral and parietal pleura closely opposed

depends on water molecule polarity

Question 25

accessory muscle of respiration in neck

Answer 25

sternocleidomastoid

Question 26

major inspiratory muscles

Answer 26

diaphragm and intercostals

Question 27

thoracic muscle involved in active expiration

Answer 27

internal intercostals

Question 28

carries deoxygenated blood, drains into SVC, and arches round right root of lung

Answer 28

Azygous vein

Question 29

arises from anterior surface of descending aorta

Answer 29

bronchial arteries

Question 30

surrounded by vessels, may appear black on dissection

Answer 30

(pulmonary) lymph nodes

Question 31

vol of air breathed in and out in a minute

Answer 31

pulmonary ventilation

Question 32

pulmonary ventilation

Answer 32

vol of air breathed in and out in a minute

Question 33

alveolar ventilation

Answer 33

vol of air exchanged between atmosphere and alveoli in a min

Question 34

vol of air exchanged between atmosphere and alveoli in a min

Answer 34

alveolar ventilation

Question 35

site of oblique fissure anteriorly

Answer 35

rib 6

Question 36

the factor that most increases pulmonary ventilation

Answer 36

tidal volume