Resp drugs Flashcards
What is the prescription progression in asthma?
- SABA + ICS
- LABA + ICS
- LTRA + LABA + ICS
- Oral Corticosteroid
SABA used in asthma?
Salbutamol
Mode of action of Salbutamol?
Agonist of b2-adrenoceptors
-causes bronchial smooth muscle relaxation (via increased intracellular cAMP and Ca2+)
Side effects of Salbutamol?
tachycardia
headaches
tremors
anxiety
Inhaled corteicosteroid used in asthma?
Beclometasone
Mode of action of Beclometasone?
Anti-inflammatory.
- decreases formation of cytokines by Th2 cells (IL-4 and IL-5, responsible for isotype switching to IgE and Eosinophil activation)
- Prevent influx of Eosinophils to the lungs
Side effects of Beclometasone?
Oropharyngeal candidiasis
Dysphonia
LABA used in asthma?
Salmeterol
Mode of action of Salmeterol?
b2-agonist
Side effects of Salmeterol?
tremors
tachycardia
headaches
anxiety
LTRA used in asthma?
Monteleukast
Mode of action of Monteleukast?
Bronchodilator.
-blocks the binding of proinflammatory leukotrienes to the CysT1 receptors
Side effects of Monteleukast?
Headaches
GI disturbances
Sleep disorders
What drugs are used in Acute Asthma Exacerbation?
- Oral Prednisolone
- Nebulised Salbutamol
- Nebulised Ipratropium
- High flow O2
- IV Magnesium
Oral corticosteroid used in poorly controlled / acute attacks of asthma?
Prednisolone
What drugs are used in COPD?
- SABA or SAMA
- LAMA or LABA
- LAMA / LABA combo
OR
LABA / ICS combo
What SAMA is used in COPD?
Ipratropium
What is the mode of action of Ipratropium?
Short-acting muscarinic antagonist.
-Blocks M3 receptors, reducing bronchoconstriction and mucous secretion
Side effects of Ipratropium?
Dry mouth
Cough
headache
Glaucoma (vision loss)
LAMA used in COPD?
Tiotropium
ICS used in COPD?
Beclometasone
Treatment of an acute COPD exacerbation?
- Nebulised Salbutamol
- Nebulised Ipratropium
- 24-28% O2
- Antibiotic if underlying infection is present
