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FAE and AOS > Resp booklet > Flashcards

Resp booklet Flashcards

1
Q

What skeletal structures form the boundaries of the thoracic inlet?

A

T1
Rib 1
Mandible

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2
Q

What skeletal structures form the boundaries of the thoracic outlet?

A

Zygomatic process
Costal cartilage
Rib 11 + 12
T12

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3
Q

What ribs form the costal margin?

A

Ribs 5-10

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4
Q

Which ribs are directly connected to the sternum through costal cartilage?

A

Ribs 2-7

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5
Q

Which ribs are attahed indirectly to the sternum through costal cartilage?

A

Rib 1

Ribs 8-16

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6
Q

What muscle is primarily used for the newborn in breathing?

A

Diaphgram

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7
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Where brachial plexus, Subclavian artery + vein are compressed

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8
Q

Between which two intercostal muscles is the nuerovascular bundle found?

A

Innermost + internal

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9
Q

What is the superficial intercostal muscle called + orientation?

A

External intercostal muscle

Runs superomedially

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10
Q

What is the intermediate intercostal muscle called + orientation?

A

Internal intercostal muscles

Runs inferolaterally

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11
Q

What is the deep intercostal muscle called + orientation?

A

Innermost intercostal muscle
External intercostal muscle
Runs superomedially

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12
Q

In what part of the rib is the neurovascular bundle located?

A

Costal groove

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13
Q

Where does the external intercostal muscle end. What completes the space?

A

Costochondral junction

Space filled by external intercostal membrane

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14
Q

Where does the internal intercostal muscle end. What completes the space?

A

Sternum to posterior side of costal angles

Space filled by internalintercostal membrane

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15
Q

Where does the innermost intercostal muscle end. What completes the space?

A

Fills central half
Filled anteriorly by transversus thoracis muscles
Posteriorly by subcostalis muscles

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16
Q

What are the tributaries of the azygous vein?

A

Posterior intercostal veins
hemiazygous vein
Bronchial veins
Pericardial veins

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17
Q

Where does the azygous vein drain?

A

IVC

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18
Q

What two veins drain into the azygous from the left side of the posterior chest wall?

A

Hemizygous

Accessory hemizygous

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19
Q

What side of the chest wall does the thoracic duct drain?

A

Left side

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20
Q

Where does the right side of the chest wall drain?

A

Right lymphatic duct

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21
Q

What is the dermatome of the sternal angle?

A

C4

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22
Q

What is the dermatome of the nipple?

A

T1

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23
Q

What is the dermatome of the umbilicus?

A

T10

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24
Q

What is the dermatome of the inguinal region?

A

S3/S4

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25
Q

Which cardiac fibrous structure is attached to the central tendon?

A

IVC

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26
Q

To which vertebral bodies are the crura attached?

A

L1-3 on Right

L1/2 on left

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27
Q

Which serous membrane covers the superior surface of diaphgram?

A

Pleural membrane - parietal layer

28
Q

Which serous membrane covers the inferior surface of the diaphgram?

A

Parietal layer of peritoneum

29
Q

At what vertebral level is the IVC hiatus?

A

T8

30
Q

At what vertebral level is the oesphageal hiatus?

A

T10

31
Q

At what vertebral level is the Aortic hiatus?

A

T12

32
Q

Other than the main three hiatuses, what other structures transverse the diaphrgam?

A

Azygous vein
Thoracic duct
Sympathetic trunk
Phrenic + vagus nerves

33
Q

What spinal level causes innervation to the phrenic nerves?

A

C3-C5

34
Q

What cartilage makes up adam’s apple?

A

Thyroid cartilage

35
Q

What structures form the laryngeal inlet?

A

Epiglottis
Aryepiglotic folds
Arygenoid cartilage
Coniculate cartilage

36
Q

What type of epithelium lines the cavity of the larynx?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

37
Q

What type of epithelium lines the true vocal cords?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

38
Q

Where does the trachea bifuricate?

A

T4 (sternal angle)

39
Q

How many rings are there to the trachea?

A

16-20

40
Q

What muscle completes the trachea posteriorly?

A

Trachialis

41
Q

What is the final keel-shaped cartilage ring at the bifurication of the trachea called?

A

Carina

42
Q

What nerve lies lateral to the trachea on both sides?

A

Recurrent laryngela nerve

43
Q

Which of the main bronchi is shorter, wider and more vertical?

A

The right

44
Q

What is the hilum of the lung?

A

Where the structures enter/leave the lung

45
Q

What is the root of the lung?

A

The area that connects the hilum of the lung to the mediastinum

46
Q

What membrane covers the apex of the lung?

A

Suprapleural membrane

47
Q

Which lung is shorter/broader of the two?

A

Right (due to liver)

48
Q

What features should you use to “side” a lung?

A

Cardia notch
Number of lobes
Horizontal fissure

49
Q

Which bronchi are responsible for the bronchopulmonary segments?

A

Tertiary

50
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments are there in each lung?

A

Right - 10

Left 8-9

51
Q

What structures pass through the hilum?

A

Pulmonary artery
Main bronchus
Superoplr/inferior pulmonary veins
Right side only - eparterial bronchus

52
Q

What structure in the wall determines a bronchus?

A

Hyaline cartilage

53
Q

Of the hilum structures, which is most posterior?

A

Main bronchus

54
Q

Of the hilum structures, which is most superior?

A

Pulmonary artery

55
Q

Of the hilum structures, which is most anterior?

A

Pulmonary vein - superior

56
Q

Of the hilum structures, which is most inferior?

A

Inferior pulmonary vein

57
Q

Where in the hilum is the eparterial bronchus located in the right lung?

A

Above the artery

58
Q

Which layer of pleura enters the fissures of the lung?

A

Visceral

59
Q

Which pleura lines the structures between the two pleural cavities?

A

Mediastinal pleura

60
Q

Which pleura plues on the superior surface of the diaphragm?

A

Diaphragmatic pleura

61
Q

Which pleura lines the inner surfaces of the ribs/sternum?

A

Costal pleura

62
Q

Which pleura covers the apex of the lungs?

A

Cervical pleura

63
Q

What is significant of the plueral reflections?

A

The two membranes are further apart

Useful dor aspiration of fluid

64
Q

What is the innervation of the parietal pleura?

A 
Phrenic nerve (mediastinal + diaphragmatic pluera)
Rest by intercostal nerves
65
Q

How much futher down is the pleura than the base of the lung?

A

Two ribs further down

66
Q

Which rib does the oblique fissure follow?

A

6th rib

67
Q

At what level does the horizontal fissure lie?

A

4th rib

FAE and AOS (13 decks)

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