GI book 2 Flashcards
What are the distinguishing features of the ileum?
Pale pink Thin/light wall Lesser vascularity Shorter vasa recta Many short arcades More fat in mesentery Sparse circular folds
What are the distinguishing features of the jejunum?
Deep red Thick/long wall Greater vascularity Long vasa recta Few large arcades Less fat in mesentery Large, tall and closely packed circular folds
What features indicate the large intestine?
Tenea coli
Omental appenices
Haustria/sacculations
What two structures open into the caecum cavity?
Ileum
Appendix
What is McBurney’s point - why is it clinically useful?
The most common area for the tail of the appendix
Clinically useful because area of most tenderness in appendicitis
What is the blood supply of the rectum?
Each 1/3 drained by rectal arteries/veins Follows Superior Middle Inferior
What is the role of the pelvic floor in maintaining faecal continence?
Contract around anus allowing for conscious control
Helped by internal/external sphincters
What omentum are the hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments a part of?
Lesser omentum
What is the falciform ligament?
A remnant of ventral mesentery
What lies within the free border of the falciform ligament?
Round ligament
Paraumbilical veins
what is the round ligament a remnant from?
Umbilical vein
What are the paracolic gutters?
Spaces between the colon + abdominal wall
Found laterally to large intestine
How many layers of peritoneum are present in the greater omentum?
4 layers
What is the clinical significance of the paracolic gutters?
Fluid/pus/blood often collect there
What three abdominal viscera lie in the free edge of the mesentery?
Appendix
Transverse colon
Small intestine
What type of muscle is the muscularis externa?
Smooth
What type of muscle is the muscualris mucosae?
Smooth circular
What is the surface epithelium of the oesophagus?
Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
What secretory cells are found in the gastric pits?
Chief cells
How do the three cells of the stomach stain?
Pink - parietal
Purple - chief
Magenta - goblet
What is the surface epithelium of the small intestine?
Simple columnar
Where in the gut tube doe glands extend beyond the muscularis mucosae, what is their name?
Brunners gland in duodenum
>Secrete bicarbonate
What is the epithelium of the rectoanal junction?
Stratified squamous cells
What is the transpyloric plane?
The imaginary line at the level of the pyloric sphincter
How do you locate the transpyloric plane?
Hald way between pubic symphysis + jugular notch
What structures are present along the transpyloric plane?
Pyloris of stomach Pancreas Spleen Gall bladder Suprarenal glands
Does the spleen move with respiration?
Yes
What are the structures in the hilum of the spleen?
Splenic artery + vein
Splenic plexus
What organ is closely associated to the hilum of the spleen, which part?
Tail of the pancreas
What organ must the surgeon be careful not to damage in a splenectomy?
Pancreas
What is the function of the spleen?
Storage of RBCs
B cells
Tcell production
Phagocytosis
What vein is formed posterior to the neck of the pancreas?
Superior mesenteric vein
Into what part of the duodenum does the pancreatic duct open?
Sphincter of Odi
What is the bare area of the liver?
Area with no fascia
What are the three structures in the porta hepatis?
Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Hepatic ducts
What fold of peritoneum is wrapped around the structures leaving the porta hepatis?
Lesser omentum
What constitutes the extrahepatic biliary apparatus?
Cystic duct Hepatic ducts Gall bladder Bile duct Common hepatic duct
Where is bile produced/stored?
Produced in liver
Stored in gallbladder
What is the function of bile?
Emulsification of fats
What is calots cystohepatic triangle?
A trinagluar space formed by the:
Cystic duct
Common hepatic duct
And inferior surface of liver
What are the main histological features of the pancreas?
Islets of langerhans composed of clumps of poorly stained cells
Pure serous acini composed of large strongly stained cells
Small lobules surrounded by connective tissue septa
What are the main histological features of the liver?
Cells arranged in sheets converging towards centre (central vein)
At corner of lobule, connective tissue encloses portal areas containing blood vessels and ducts
What are the histological features of the spleen?
Covered by dense fibromuscular capsule
>Comprised of collagen and elastic fibres scattered with smooth muscle
Branching trabeculae radiate within spleen
Parenchyma of spleen called pulp
What is the main content of white/red pulp?
White pulp - lymphocytes
Red pulp - red blood cells
What is the costal cartilage marking of the gall bladder?
8th -9th ribs costal cartilage
Which ribs are related to the spleen?
9-11
