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FAE and AOS > GI book 2 > Flashcards

GI book 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the distinguishing features of the ileum?

A 
Pale pink
Thin/light wall
Lesser vascularity
Shorter vasa recta
Many short arcades
More fat in mesentery
Sparse circular folds
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2
Q

What are the distinguishing features of the jejunum?

A 
Deep red
Thick/long wall
Greater vascularity
Long vasa recta
Few large arcades
Less fat in mesentery
Large, tall and closely packed circular folds
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3
Q

What features indicate the large intestine?

A

Tenea coli
Omental appenices
Haustria/sacculations

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4
Q

What two structures open into the caecum cavity?

A

Ileum

Appendix

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5
Q

What is McBurney’s point - why is it clinically useful?

A

The most common area for the tail of the appendix

Clinically useful because area of most tenderness in appendicitis

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6
Q

What is the blood supply of the rectum?

A 
Each 1/3 drained by rectal arteries/veins
Follows
Superior
Middle
Inferior
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7
Q

What is the role of the pelvic floor in maintaining faecal continence?

A

Contract around anus allowing for conscious control

Helped by internal/external sphincters

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8
Q

What omentum are the hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments a part of?

A

Lesser omentum

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9
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A

A remnant of ventral mesentery

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10
Q

What lies within the free border of the falciform ligament?

A

Round ligament

Paraumbilical veins

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11
Q

what is the round ligament a remnant from?

A

Umbilical vein

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12
Q

What are the paracolic gutters?

A

Spaces between the colon + abdominal wall

Found laterally to large intestine

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13
Q

How many layers of peritoneum are present in the greater omentum?

A

4 layers

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14
Q

What is the clinical significance of the paracolic gutters?

A

Fluid/pus/blood often collect there

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15
Q

What three abdominal viscera lie in the free edge of the mesentery?

A

Appendix
Transverse colon
Small intestine

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16
Q

What type of muscle is the muscularis externa?

A

Smooth

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17
Q

What type of muscle is the muscualris mucosae?

A

Smooth circular

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18
Q

What is the surface epithelium of the oesophagus?

A

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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19
Q

What secretory cells are found in the gastric pits?

A

Chief cells

20
Q

How do the three cells of the stomach stain?

A

Pink - parietal
Purple - chief
Magenta - goblet

21
Q

What is the surface epithelium of the small intestine?

A

Simple columnar

22
Q

Where in the gut tube doe glands extend beyond the muscularis mucosae, what is their name?

A

Brunners gland in duodenum

>Secrete bicarbonate

23
Q

What is the epithelium of the rectoanal junction?

A

Stratified squamous cells

24
Q

What is the transpyloric plane?

A

The imaginary line at the level of the pyloric sphincter

25
Q

How do you locate the transpyloric plane?

A

Hald way between pubic symphysis + jugular notch

26
Q

What structures are present along the transpyloric plane?

A 
Pyloris of stomach
Pancreas
Spleen
Gall bladder
Suprarenal glands
27
Q

Does the spleen move with respiration?

A

Yes

28
Q

What are the structures in the hilum of the spleen?

A

Splenic artery + vein

Splenic plexus

29
Q

What organ is closely associated to the hilum of the spleen, which part?

A

Tail of the pancreas

30
Q

What organ must the surgeon be careful not to damage in a splenectomy?

A

Pancreas

31
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

Storage of RBCs
B cells
Tcell production
Phagocytosis

32
Q

What vein is formed posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

33
Q

Into what part of the duodenum does the pancreatic duct open?

A

Sphincter of Odi

34
Q

What is the bare area of the liver?

A

Area with no fascia

35
Q

What are the three structures in the porta hepatis?

A

Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Hepatic ducts

36
Q

What fold of peritoneum is wrapped around the structures leaving the porta hepatis?

A

Lesser omentum

37
Q

What constitutes the extrahepatic biliary apparatus?

A 
Cystic duct
Hepatic ducts
Gall bladder
Bile duct
Common hepatic duct
38
Q

Where is bile produced/stored?

A

Produced in liver

Stored in gallbladder

39
Q

What is the function of bile?

A

Emulsification of fats

40
Q

What is calots cystohepatic triangle?

A

A trinagluar space formed by the:
Cystic duct
Common hepatic duct
And inferior surface of liver

41
Q

What are the main histological features of the pancreas?

A

Islets of langerhans composed of clumps of poorly stained cells
Pure serous acini composed of large strongly stained cells
Small lobules surrounded by connective tissue septa

42
Q

What are the main histological features of the liver?

A

Cells arranged in sheets converging towards centre (central vein)
At corner of lobule, connective tissue encloses portal areas containing blood vessels and ducts

43
Q

What are the histological features of the spleen?

A

Covered by dense fibromuscular capsule
>Comprised of collagen and elastic fibres scattered with smooth muscle
Branching trabeculae radiate within spleen
Parenchyma of spleen called pulp

44
Q

What is the main content of white/red pulp?

A

White pulp - lymphocytes

Red pulp - red blood cells

45
Q

What is the costal cartilage marking of the gall bladder?

A

8th -9th ribs costal cartilage

46
Q

Which ribs are related to the spleen?

A

9-11

FAE and AOS (13 decks)

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