GI booklet Flashcards
What are the nine compartments of the abdomen?
Right hypochondriac | Epigastric | Left hypogastric
Right Lumbar | Umbilical | Left lumbar
Right iliac |Hypogastric | left Iliac
Iliac may be called inguinal
Hypogastric may be called suprapubic
What lines divide the abdomen into four quadrants?
Trans pyloric line
Midline
What lines divide the abdomen into 9 regions?
Right/left interclavicular lines
Trans tuberculum line
Subcostal line
What organs are found in the right hypochondriac region?
Liver
Gallbladder
What organs are found in the left hypochondriac region?
Spleen
Pancreas
Kidney
What organs are found in the epigastric region?
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
What organs are found in the right lumbar region?
Kidney
Asc colon
What organs are found in the umbilical region?
Transverse colon
Jenunum/duodenum/ileum
What organs are found in the left lumbar region?
Desc colon
Kidney
What organs are found in the right iliac region?
Caecum
Appendix
Asc colon
What organs are found in the hypogastric region?
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Bladder
What organs are found in the left iliacregion?
Rectum
Desc colon
What is the action of the external oblique?
Abducts trunk
Rotates trunk
What is the innervation of the external oblique?
T7-T12
What is the action of the internal oblique?
Abducts trunk
Rotates trunk
What is the innervation of the internal oblique?
T7-T12, L1
What is the action of the rectus abdominis?
Flexes trunk
What is the innervation of the rectus abdominis?
T7-T12
What is the action of the transverse abdominis?
Compresses abdominal contents
What is the innervation of the transverse abdominis?
T7-T12, L1
What is the rectus sheath?
Aponeurosis of the adominal wall muscles
>External ob
>Internal ob
>Transverse abdominis
How does the rectus sheath differ above and below the umbilicus?
Above the umbilicus it is thicker and more muscular than below
What is the level of the umbilicus?
L1
What is the dermatome of the umbilicus?
T10
What bony points is the inguinal ligment attached to?
Pubic tubercle
Anterior superior iliac spine
What makes up the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?
Aponeurosis of external oblique
Superficial inguinal ring
What makes up the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?
Transveralis fascia
Deep inguinal ring
Conjoint tendon
What makes up the roof of the inguinal canal?
Transveralis fascia
Aponeurosis of external oblique
What makes up the floor of the inguinal canal?
Inguinal ligament
Lacunar ligament
Iliopubic tract
What is the relationship of the deep inguinal ring to the inferior epigastric vessels?
Superior and lateral to them
What is the relationship of the superficial ring to the pubic tubercle?
It lies superolaterally to it
What are the contents of the male inguinal canal?
Spermatic cord: >Vas deferens >Testicular veins/arteries Ilioinguinal nerve Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
What are the contents of the female inguinal canal?
Round ligament
Ilioinguinal nerve
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
What are the types of inguinal hernia?
Direct
Indirect (most common)
What is an indirect hernia?
Congenital weakness of deep inguinal ring
Allows abdominal contents to enter into inguinal canal + out deep ring
What is a diret inguinal hernia?
Abdominal contents pass through weak spot in muscles of posterior wall
Enter through superficial inguinal ring
What is a femoral hernia?
Below inguinal ligament
>Abdominal contents pass into weak area of posterior femoral canal
More common in females
What are umbilical hernias?
Abdominal contents through weakness of umbilicus
Acquired rather than congenital in adults
What are the four layers of the GI tract?
Mucosa >Epithelium >Lamina propria >Muscularis mucosae Sub mucosa Muscularis propria Serosa/adventitia
What are the subdivisions of the peritoneum?
Parietal
Visceral