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FAE and AOS > Endocrine + renal anatomy > Flashcards

Endocrine + renal anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

Pituitary fossa in the sphenoid bone

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2
Q

How is the optic chiasm related to the pituitary gland?

A

The optic chiasm is immediately superior

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3
Q

Which lobe of the pituitary is bigger?

A

Anterior

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4
Q

Which pituitary lobe manufactures hormones?

A

Anterior

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5
Q

How does the pituiary gland stain?

A

Anterior stains dark

Posterior light

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6
Q

How can you distinguish between the anterior pituitary cells?

A

Acidophilic - stain pink
Basophilic - stain purple
Chromophobic - appear pale

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7
Q

What are the 2 Classes of Acidophils?

A
  1. Somatotrophs

2. Mammotrophs

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8
Q

What are the 3 Classes of Basophils?

A
  1. Corticotrophs
  2. Thyrotrophs
  3. Gonadotrophs
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9
Q

What do somatotrophs produce?

A

somatotrophin

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10
Q

What do mammotrophs produce?

A

Prolactin

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11
Q

What do corticotrophs produce?

A

ACTH

MSH - Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

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12
Q

What do thyrotophs produce?

A

TSH

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13
Q

What do conadotophs produce?

A

FSH

LH

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14
Q

What is the Arterial Blood Supply to the Pituitary Gland?

A
  1. The Superior Hypophysial Artery (anterior)

2. The Inferior Hypophysial Artery (posterior)

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15
Q

What are the main secretory bodies of the Posterior Pituitary?

A

Neurosecretory Bodies (Herring Bodies)

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16
Q

Where do the hypophysial arteries arise from?

A

Internal carotid artery

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17
Q

What is the course of the superior hypophysial artery?

A

Enters hypothalmus
Breaks into capillaries (hypophysial portal system)
These then supply anterior pituitary gland

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18
Q

How does the hypoathalmus communicate with the Anterior Pituitary?

A

The Hypothalamo-Hypophysial Portal System

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19
Q

How does the Hypothalmus communicate with the Posterior Pituitary?

A

Through the Neurosecretory Cells, via the Infundibulum

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20
Q

How is the pituitary gland drained?

A

Hypophysial veins -> cavernous sinus

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21
Q

Where is the thyroid gland found?

A

C5-T1

Between thyroid cartilage and 6th tracheal ring

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22
Q

Where is theisthmus related to?

A

2nd to 4th tracheal rings

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23
Q

What strap muscles overlie the thyroid gland?

A

Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid

24
Q

What nerves supply the vocal cords?

A

Recurrent laryngeal

Superior laryngeal

25
Q

What Arteries supply the Thyroid?

A
  1. The Superior Thyroid Artery

2. The Inferior Thyroid Artery

26
Q

Where does the Superior Thyroid Artery arise from?

A

The External Carotid Artery

27
Q

Where does the Inferior Thyroid Artery arise from?

A

Subclavian Artery

28
Q

What Veins drain the Thyroid?

A
  1. The Superior Thyroid Vein
  2. The Middle Thyroid Vein
  3. The Inferior Thyroid Vein
29
Q

Into which veins do the Thyroid Veins drain?

A

Superior + middle - The Internal Jugular Vein

Inferior - left brachiocephalic

30
Q

What cells line follicles?

A

Follicular cells

31
Q

What colour does the colloid stain?

32
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

A

The Medial part of the Posterior Surface of Each Thyroid Lobe
Superior by cricoid cartilage
Inferior by inferior poles of thyroid

33
Q

What is the blood supply of the adrenal glands?

A

Suprarenal arteries
>Arise from inferior phrenic artery
>Aorta and
>Renal arteries

34
Q

Where do the suprarenal veins drain? (left and right)

A

Left - L. renal vein

Right - IVC

35
Q

What are the 4 Layers which enclose the Kidney?

superficial to deep

A
  1. The Pararenal Fatty Tissue
  2. The Renal Fascia
  3. The Fatty Renal Capsule
  4. The Fibrous Renal Fascia
36
Q

What are the 3 posterior relations of the Kidney?

A
  1. The Diaphragm
  2. The Psoas Major
  3. The Quadratus Lumborum
37
Q

What are the anterior relations of the right kidney?

A 
Adrenal gland
Liver
Duodenum
Right colic flexure
Small bowels
38
Q

What are the anterior relations of the left kidney?

A 
Adrenal glands
Stomach
Spleen
Pancreas
Small bowel
Left colonic flexure
39
Q

What is the nerve supply of the kidneys?

A

Sympathetic - T12/L1 (coeliac ganglia)

Parasympathetic - vagus

40
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the kidney?

A

Para-aortic nodes

41
Q

Embryologically, what happens to cause:

1) horseshoe kidney?
2) Duplex ureter?

A

1) inferior pole fusion

2) Duplication of uteric bud

42
Q

What are the arteries of the kidneys?

A 
Apical
Anterosuperior
Anteroinferior
Inferior
Posterior
43
Q

How does the Left Renal Vein travel to get to the Inferior Vena Cava?

A

Anterior to the Abdominal Aorta, and so is relatively long

44
Q

How does the Right Renal Artery travel to get to the Right Kidney?

A

Posterior to the IVC, and so is relatively long

45
Q

What Vein travels up from the Pelvis into the Left Renal Vein?

A

The Left Gonadal Vein:

  1. The Left Testicular Vein if Male
  2. The Left Ovarian Vein if Female
46
Q

What muscle does the ureter lie on as it descends?

A

Psoas major

47
Q

What artery does the ureter cross, where?

A

Bifurication of the common iliac artery

48
Q

What crosses the ureter in males/females?

A

Males - vas deferens

Females - Uterine artery

49
Q

What are the three constrictions of the ureter?

A

Origin
Pelvic brim
Vesicoureteric junction

50
Q

Where do the ureters enter the bladder?

51
Q

Where does the urethra leave the bladder?

52
Q

Where does the median umbilical ligament ascend to the umbilicus?

A

From the apex of the bladder

53
Q

What is the median umbilical ligament a remnant of?

A

The Urachus of the Hindgut

54
Q

What is the Pelvic Brim?

A

The area of Bifurcation of the Common Iliac Artery

55
Q

What tissue makes up the ballder?

A

Transitional

Lined with Stratified Transitional Epithelium

56
Q

What joint is immediately anterior to the bladder?

A

pubic symphysis

57
Q

What is the advantage of having transitional epithelium?

A

It can stretch to accommodate fluctuations in Urinary Fluid Volume

FAE and AOS (13 decks)

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