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FAE and AOS > Cardio booklet > Flashcards

Cardio booklet Flashcards

1
Q

What arteries are found in the superior mediastinum?

A

Aortic arch
Brachiocephalic artery
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

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2
Q

What veins are found in the superior mediastinum?

A

Brachio cephalic vein

Upper half of SVC

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3
Q

What nerves are found in the superior mediastinum?

A

Vagus

Phrenic

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4
Q

What are the three divisions of the superior mediastinum?

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

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5
Q

What is found in the anterior mediastinum?

A

Thymus

Thoracic duct

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6
Q

What is found in the posterior mediastinum?

A 
Descending aorta
Oesophagus
Thoracic duct
Azygous vein
Sympathetic chain
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7
Q

What is found in the middle mediastinum?

A

Heart
Pericardium
Great vessels

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8
Q

What is the surface marking of the apex of the heart?

A

5th rib intercostal space on left

Mid-clavicular line

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9
Q

What chambers form the anterior surface of the heart?

A

R. Atrium
R. Ventricle
L. Ventricle

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10
Q

Which chambers form the posterior (base) surface of the heart?

A

L. Atrium

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11
Q

What chambers make up the inferior surface of the heart?

A

R. Ventricle

L. Ventricle

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12
Q

What vertebrae is the heart anterior to?

A

T5 to T8

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13
Q

At what level does the aortic arch terminate?

A

T4

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14
Q

At what level does the abdominal aorta bifuricate?

A

L4

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15
Q

At what level do the common iliac arteries bifuricate?

A

L5

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16
Q

What are the three main tributaries to the SVC?

A

Left/right subclavian

Azygous vein

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17
Q

What are the two main tributaries of the inferior vena cava?

A

Left/right common iliac veins

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18
Q

Out of radial and ulnar arteries, which is more superficial?

A

Radial artery

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19
Q

What artery is the dorsal pedis a continuatin of?

A

Anterior tibial artery

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20
Q

Inferior to what does the posterior tibial artery enter the sole of the foot?

A

Medial malleolus

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21
Q

Into what vein does the great saphenous vein drain?

A

Femoral vein

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22
Q

Into what vein does the small saphenous vein drain?

A

Popilteal vein

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23
Q

What are the three layers of the pericardium?

A

Fibrous
Parietal
Epicardium (viceral layer)

24
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

25
Q

What is the endocardium composed of?

A

Single layer of squamous epithelium

26
Q

What is the myocardium composed of?

A

Many layers of cardiac muscle

27
Q

What is the epicardium composed of?

A

Squamous epithelium

Single layer

28
Q

What is the protective role of the fibrous pericardium?

A

Protects heart from over expansion

29
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

Where excess fluid accumulates in the pericardial cavity

Impedes hearts ability to contract/expand

30
Q

Which layers of the pericardium are inervated by pain fibres?

A

Fibrous + partiertal pericardium

31
Q

Where does the visceral pericardium recieve innervation from?

A

Autonomic innervation from T1-T4

Vagus

32
Q

Where does the Fibrous + partiertal pericardium recieve innervation from?

A

Phrenic nerve

33
Q

What does the left atrium lie anterior to?

A

Oesophagus

34
Q

Which chamber forms the apex of the heart?

A

Left ventricle

35
Q

What is the fossa ovalis a remnant of?

A

Foramen ovale

36
Q

What was the function of the foramen ovale?

A

To shunt blood from one side of the heart to the other to bypass pulmonary circulation

37
Q

What is the function of the moderator band (septomarginal trabeculum)

A

Transfers electrical signals to papillary muscles

38
Q

How many papillary muscles are there in the right ventricle?

39
Q

What is the function of the chordae tendineae?

A

Stop inversion of the valve

40
Q

What veins drain the heart?

A

Cardiac veins

Drain into coronary sinus (feeds to right atrium)

41
Q

From where do the coronary arteries arise?

A

Ascending aorta

42
Q

Which pair of arteries anastomose in the interventricular sulcus?

A

Anterior interventricular artery

Posterior interventricular artery

43
Q

What areas does the right coronary artery supply?

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle
AV node + bundle
SA node

44
Q

What areas does the left coronary artery supply?

A

Both ventricles + interventricular system
Left atrium
Sino atrial nodes

45
Q

Where is the great cardiac vein located?

A

Inside the anterior interventricular groove

Lies alongside the anterior interventricular artery

46
Q

Where is the middle cardia vein located?

A

Lies in the posterior cardiac groove

Lies alongside the posterior interventricular artery

47
Q

Where is the small cardiac vein found?

A

On the right, inferior margin of the heart

Alongside marginal artery

48
Q

Where is the coronary sinus found?

A

Posterir surface of heart in the coronary sulcus

Alongside circumflex artery

49
Q

What are the venae cordis minimae?

A

Small veins that drain the heart wall directly into each chamber of the heart

50
Q

Where is the SAN found?

A

Near the opening of the SVC in the right atrium

51
Q

Where is teh AVN found?

A

Lies in the inferior part of the interatrial septum

52
Q

Where is the bundle of his found?

A

Lies on each side of the interventricular septum

53
Q

Why is pain felt in the medial part of the left arm during ischaemia?

A

The dermatome extends medially to arm

T3

54
Q

What type of artery is the aorta/pulmonary trunk?

A

Conducting

Elastic

55
Q

What type of arteries are the radial/femoral arteries?

A

Conducting

Muscular

56
Q

What type of arteries are arterioles?

A

Distributing

Muscular

57
Q

What are the anatomical relations of the heart?

A

Anterior - sternum and costal cartilage 4-7
>Anterior edges of lungs
Thmic remenants

Posterior
>Oesophagus
>Desc aorta
>Thoracic vertebrae 5-6

Laterall - lungs/phrenic nerve

FAE and AOS (13 decks)

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