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Phase 3a > RESP > Flashcards

RESP Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT INFECTIONS CAN OCCUR IN THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

A

CORYZA

PHARYNGITIS

TONSILITIS

ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA

SINIBITITIS

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2
Q

WHAT PATHOGENS CAUSE CROUP

A

RHINOVIRUS

RSV

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3
Q

WHAT ARE THE TREATMENTS OF CORYZA

A

ANALGESIA

REASSURENCE

INFORM COUGH CAN LAST FOR 4 WEEKS

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4
Q

WHAT IS THE PRESENTATION OF CROUP

A

RHINORRHEA

SORE THROAT

LOW GRADE FEVER

INSPIRATORY HARSH STRIDOR

BARKING COUGH

RESP DISTRESS/CHEST RECESSION

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5
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATEMENT OF CROUP

A

SUPPORTIVE UNLESS O2 SATS DROPPING

THEN

PREDNISIOLONE

O2

NEBULISED ADRENALINE

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6
Q

WHAT IS PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS CROUP

A

SEVERE INFLAMMATION OF URT ASSOCIATED WITH SLOUGHING OF RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM AND MACROPAPULENT SECRETIONS

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7
Q

WHAT IS THE PRESENTATION OF PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS CROUP

A

HIGH FEVER

ILL LOOKING CHILD

RAPIDLY PROGRESSING OBSTRUCTION

COUPIUS THICK AIRWAY SECRETIONS

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8
Q

WHAT PATHOGEN CAUSES PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS CROUP

A

STAPH AUREUS

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9
Q

WHAT IS THE MANAGEMENT OF PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS CROUP

A

IV ABX - VANCOMYCIN

INTUBATION

VENTILATION

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10
Q

DEFINE PHARYNGITIS

A

PHARYNX AND SOFT PALLETTE INFLAMMED

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11
Q

DEFINE TONSILITIS

A

A FORM OF PHARYNGITIS MAINLY AFFECTING TONSILS CAUSING INTENSE INFLAMMATION+PURULENT EXUDATE

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12
Q

WHAT PATHOGEN USUALLY CAUSES PHARYNGITIS AND TONSILITIS

A

B HEAMOLYTIC STREP

EVB

ADENOVIRUS

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13
Q

WHAT IS THE PRESENTATION OF BACTERIAL TONSILITIS

A

HEADACHE

WHITE EXUDATE

FEVER

CERVIACLE LYMPHADENOPATHY

ABDO PAIN

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14
Q

WHAT IS THE MANAGEMENT OF PHARYNGITIS

A

PENICILLIN

ERYTHROMYCIN

AMOXICILLIN

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15
Q

WHAT IS STRIDOR

A

A HARSH MUSICAL SOUND DUE TO A PARTIALLY OBSTRUCTED AIRWAY

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16
Q

HOW DO YOU DISTINGUISH THE SEVERITY OF CROUP

A

NON AUDIBLE

CRYING

RESTING

BIPHASIC

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17
Q

WHAT ARE THE COMMON CAUSES OF STRIDOR

A

VIRAL LARYNGOBRONCHITIS

EPIGLOTITIS

FOREIGN BODY

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18
Q

WHAT ARE CAUSES OF CROUP

A

PARAINFLUENZA

RHINOVIRUS

(RSV AND INFLUENZA CAN HAVE A SIMILAR PICTURE)

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19
Q

WHAT IS RSV

A

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common, and very contagious, virus that infects the respiratory tract

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20
Q

WHAT IS THE PRESENTATION OF RSV

A

cold SX sx - coryza etc

But for a small percentage, infection with RSV can lead to pneumonia or bronchiolitis,

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21
Q

what are the RF for a serious RSV infection

A

prem

Children<2y w heart or lung disease

Immunocomprimised

Children under 8 to 10 weeks old

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22
Q

how do you diagnose RSV

A

nose and throat swab

chest x ray

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23
Q

what can be given to high risk babies t prevent rsv

A

palivizumab

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24
Q

what is acute epiglotitis

A

intense swelling of the epiglottis and surrounding tissue

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25
Q

what are the dangers of acute epiglotitis

A

associated w septicemia

can cause airway obstruction

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26
Q

at what ages does acute epiglotitis usually present

A

1-6y

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27
Q

why is acute epiglotitis rare in uk

A

HiB vacciene

28
Q

how do you treeat acute epiglotitis

A

immidiate intubation

(remove after 24hrs)

bloods and cultures

antibiotics - ceftriaxone + rifampacin for 3-5days

rifampacin given to close contacts

29
Q

what are the differences of acute epiglotitis and croup

30
Q

what is bronchiolotis

A

a common serious respiratory illness due to blockage of small airways in the lungs

31
Q

what commonly causes bronchiolitis

A

RSV

parainfluenza

rhinovirus

always viral!

32
Q

what age group does bronhiolitis affect the most

A

1-9 months

33
Q

what is the presentation of bronchiolitis

A

coryzal sx

dry wheezy cough

breathlessness

feeding difficulties

recurrent apnea

thachycardia and tachyopnea

resp distress signs

fine end resp crackles

34
Q

what investigations are required in bronchiolitis

A

oximetry

c xr

blood gasses for resp failure

35
Q

what is the management of bronchiolitis

A

o2

fluids

CPAP

36
Q

what is the presentation of asthma

A

biphasic tendancy

wheeze w/o viral infection

interval symptoms

atopic FHx

+ve response to asthma therapy

37
Q

how do you investigate asthma

A

peak expiratory flow rate via spirometry

improvement of 12% on FEV asthma test

38
Q

what is the treatment for asthma

A

mild

  • SABA
  • inhaled corticosteriods

mod

  • <5y = leukotrine receptor agonist
  • >5y =LABA

Severe

  • increase Inhaled steroids
  • add po steroids
39
Q

list names of asthma medication and their class

A

b2 agonist = salbutemol

anticholinergic = ipatromium bromide

ICS = beclomethasone

LABA = salmeterol

oral steroids = prednisolone

leukotrine antagonsist = monteleukast

40
Q

a parent of a child under 5 is dure her child has asthma. what are the two diagnoses that are correct

and why

A

viral episodic wheeze

multiple trigger wheeze

asthma cannot be diagnosed in uder 5

41
Q

why do viruses cause wheeze

A

mucosal inflmmation and swelling

42
Q

what is cystic fibrosis

A

autosomal recessive condition causing mutation of CFTR gene causing lung and pancreatic dysfunction

43
Q

what is the pathophysiology of CF

A

cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance receptor (CFTR) is defective.

causes abnormal ion (cl-) transport causing thickening of secretions and a reduction in airway liquid layer with impaired cillary fuction

also causes disordered immune / inflammatory response

44
Q

what is the presentation of CF in inflants

A

thick meconium / meconium ilues

prolonged jaundice

recurrant chest infections

malabsorbtion

45
Q

what is the presentation of CF in young children

A

bronchiectasis due to recrrent infections

rectal prolapse

nasal polyp

sinusitis

46
Q

what can CF cause in teens

A

diabetes mellitus

cirrhosis

portal htn

allergic bronchopulmonary displasia

distal intestinal obstruction

pneumothorax

male sterility

47
Q

what are some signs of CF

A

hyperinflation

crepitus

expiratory wheeze

malabsorbtion

steatorrhea

48
Q

how do yo manage CF

A

lung physio

flucloxacillin profylaxis

saline nebs

regular azythromycin

urseodioxycholic acide

Pancreatin enxyme replacement therapy

high calorie dies

vit suppliements

insulin if dm

lung/liver transplant

49
Q

how do you diagnose CF

A

gurthies test

sweat test

50
Q

what measurement is used to determine progression of CF

51
Q

what infections are common in CF

and whatis management

A

s aureus

h influena

pseudomonas arginosa

burkholderia

iv abx

52
Q

what is acute otitis media

A

infection and inflammation of the middle ear

53
Q

when does otitis media commonly present

54
Q

what is the presentation of acute otitis media

A

pain

fever

red tympanic membrane +/- pus

55
Q

name the common viral and bacterial causes of otitis media

A

viral

  • rsv
  • rhinovirus

bacterial

  • strep. pneumoniae
  • H.influenza
56
Q

what antibiotics should be used in otitis media

A

amoxicillin

57
Q

what are the two kinds of hearing loss

A

sensorineural

conductive

58
Q

how does hearing loss present in childhood

A

delayed language and speech

behavioural issues

learning difficulties

59
Q

what is the cause of sensorineural hearing loss

A

cochlea or auditory nerve lesion

60
Q

how do you manage sensori neural hearing loss

A

hearing aids

regular follow ups

cochlear implant

lifestyle modifications

  • sit at front of class
  • speech therapy
  • markaton sign language
  • schools for the deaf
61
Q

what is conductive hearing loss

A

usually caused by glue ear (urti) and is less severe than sensorineural hearing loss

62
Q

how do you investigate deafness

A

impedence audometry tests (check middle ear pressure)

CT/MRI

63
Q

what is glue ear

A

common cause of conductive hearing loss

otitis media + efffusion causing conductive hearing loss

64
Q

what are the RF for glue ear

A

downs

cleft pallette

atopic hx

65
Q

what is the management of glue ear

A

usually resolves on its own within 3m

otherwise = decongestants and abx +/- grommets

66
Q

what are grommets

A

tympanostomy tubes +/- adenoid removal

allows for pressure to equalise and fluid to drain

naturally fall out after 6-12m as infection clears and ear heals

Phase 3a (22 decks)

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