GENITOURINARY

Question 1

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF HYPOSPADIAS

Answer 1

AN ABNORMALITY OF THE PENIS

URETERIC OPENING IS MORE PROXIMAL TO BASE OF THE PENIS

Question 2

WHAT ARE THE COMMON POSITIONS OF VENTRAL HYPOSPODIAS

Answer 2

GLANDULAR

CORONAL]MIDSHAFT

PENOSCROTAL

Question 3

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF HYPOSPODIAS

Answer 3

VENTRAL URETRAL MEATUS

HOODED DORSAL FORSKIN

CHORDEE

Question 4

DESCRIBE A VENTRAL URETHRAL MEATUS HYPOSPADIAS

Answer 4

WHEN THE URETHRA IS ON DIFFERENT AREAS OF THE PENIS

Question 5

WHAT IS A HOODED DORSAL FORSKIN HYPOSPADIAS

Answer 5

FAILURE OF FORESKIN TO FUSE VENTRALLY

Question 6

WHAT IS A CHORDEE HYPOSPADIAS

Answer 6

SEVERE VENTAL CURVATURE OF THE SHAFT MOST APPARENT ON ERECTION

Question 7

WHAT IS THE PRESENTATION OF A HYPOSPADIAS

Answer 7

INABILITY TO MICTURATE IN A NORMAL DIRECTION

ED

DEFORMITY

Question 8

WHAT WOULD YOU INVESTIGATE IN A HYPOSPODIAS PATIENT

Answer 8

IN SEVERE CASES CONSIDER DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION

Question 9

WHAT IS THE MANAGEMENT FOR HYPOSPADIAS

Answer 9

CORRECTIVE SURGERY

• IN PATIENTS YOUNGER THAN 2 YEARS FOR BEST OUTCOME

Question 10

WHAT ARE THE AIMS OF SURGERY IN HYPOSPODIAS CASES

Answer 10

GET A TERMINAL URETHRAL MEATUS

STRAIGHT ERECTION

NORMAL COSMETIC APPEARENCE

Question 11

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF NOCTURNAL ENURESIS

Answer 11

INVOLUNTARY URINATION WHILST ASLEEP AFTER 7 YEARS OF AGE

Question 12

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF PRIMARY NOCTURNAL ENURESIS

Answer 12

WHEN A CHILD HASNT HAD A PERIOD OF DRYNESS

Question 13

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF SECONDARY NOCTURNAL ENURESIS

Answer 13

WHEN A CHILD STARTS WETTING THE BED AFTER A PERIOD OF BEING DRY

Question 14

WHAT IS THE PRESENTATION OF NOCTURNAL ENURESIS

Answer 14

FREQUENCY OF BED WETTING

+/- PERIODS OF DRYNESS

CONSTIPATION

Question 15

HOW WOULD YOU DIAGNOSE NOCTURNAL ENURESIS

Answer 15

VOIDING DIARY

FLUID INTAKE DIARY

CHECK BP (RENAL PATHOLOGY)

BLOOD GLUCOSE (DIABETES)

BLADDER US

Question 16

WHAT ARE THE THREE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MECHANISMS OF NOCTURNAL ENURESIS

Answer 16

HIGH NOCTURNAL URINE PRODUCTION

NOCTURNAL BLADDER FUNCTION

SLEEP AND AROUSAL MECHANISMS

Question 17

HOW TO YOU TREAT NOCTURNAL ENURESIS

Answer 17

MOTIVATIONAL THERAPY

WATCH AND WAIT

BEDWETTING ALARMS

AMYTRIPTALINE

DESMOPRESSIN

WATERPROOF MATTRESS/ABSORBANR UNDERWEAR

Question 18

WHAT IS CHRYPTOORCHISM

Answer 18

UNDECENDED TESTES

WORRIING AFTER 5 YEARS OF AGE

Question 19

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF AN UNDESCENDED TESTES

Answer 19

A TESTES WHICH HAS BEEN ARRESTED ALONG ITS NORMAL PATHWAY OF DECSENT

Question 20

WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF UNDESCENDED TESTES

Answer 20

RETRACTILE

PALPIBLE

IMPALPIBLE

Question 21

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF A RETRACTILE CHRYPOORCHIDIDSM

Answer 21

CAN BE MANIPULATED INTO THE BOTTOM OF THE SCROTUM WITHOUT TENSION

SUBSEQUENTLY RETRACTS INTO THE INGUINAL REGION

Question 22

DESCRIBE A PLALPIBLE CRYPTOORCHIDISM

Answer 22

CAN BE PALPATED IN THE GROIN

CANNOT BE MANIPULATED INTO THE SCROTUM

MAY BE ECTOPUC AND IN PERINEUM OR FEMORAL TRIANGLE

Question 23

DESCRIVE AN IMPALPIBLE CRYPTOORCHIDISM

Answer 23

NO TESTES CAN BE FELT ON EXAMINATION

ARE EITHER INTERABDOMINAL, IN THE INGUINAL CANAL OR ABSCENT

Question 24

HOW WOULD YOU DIAGNOSE CRYPOORCHISISM

Answer 24

US

HCG CHALLENGE (AN INCREASE IN TESTOSTERONE = TESTICULAR TISSUE OS PRESENT)

LAPROSCOPY

Question 25

HOW WOULD YOU MANAGE CRYTOORCHIDISM

Answer 25

SURGICAL PLACEMENT OF THE TESTES IN THE SCROTUM

Question 26

WHAT ARE POTENTIALCONSEQUENCES OF CRYPTOORCHIDISM

Answer 26

INFERTILITY DUE TO HIGHER TEMPERATURES

Question 27

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF TESTICULAR TORSION

Answer 27

A TWISTING OF TEH TESTICLES CAUSING A DECREAE IN BLOOD FLOW

Question 28

WHAT IS THE PRESENTATION OF TESTICULAR TORSION

Answer 28

PAIN

• SUDDEN ONSET
• LOWER ABDO PAIN/GROIN

SWELLING

Question 29

HOW WOULD YOU MANAGE TESTICULAR TORSION

Answer 29

SURGERY IMMEDIATELY

DONT BOTHER INVESTIGATING

Question 30

WHAT ARE D,D OF TESTICULAR TORSION

Answer 30

EPIDIDIMITIS