Development (paeds) Flashcards
what is the definition of developmental delay
the gap between normal and abnormal development
what are the developmental fields
gross motor
fine motor
vision
hearing and speech
cognition and linguistic
social and emotional
what are prenatal causes of developmental delay
genertic ie downs
vascular (occlusions or bleeds)
metabolic (materna hypothyroidism)
Tetrogenic (alcohol or drugs)
congenital infections (rubella)
Neurocutanous syndrome ie neurofibromatosis
what are perinatal causes of developmental delay
prematurity linked intravascular haemorrage
asphixia causing HIE
hyperbilliruneamia
what are post natal causes of developmental delay
infections ie meningitis
anoxia (accidental,non accidental, seizures)
trauma
vascular ie stroke
metabolic hypoglycaemia
unknown
what are the two types of speech and language developmental delay
receptive
expressive
what can cause speech and language developmental delay
hearing loss
cleft pallette
cerebral palsy
deprivation
familial (+ is normal for family)
what can a child do at 5y
skips and hops
sluent speech
full drawings
dresses self
what can a child do at 3y
running (established at 2)
can copy circles and build a multiblock tower
knows names and colours
can stand on 1 foot
short sentances
interactive play
what can a child do at 18m
walking - GM
three block twoer + scribbles - FM
forms strings of babble words- H+L
responds to simple instructions - S
what can a child do at 12m
crawling, can roll over and lift chest from prone -GM
can transfer blocks between two hands - FM
Turns to name - H+L
Waves bye - S
what should a child be able to do at 9m
pull to stand - GM
pincor grip - FM
single non specific words - H+L
clings to familiar adults and knows how to attract attention - S
what can a child do at 6m
sit unaided + developed reflexes+ can eat solids - GM
Can use both hands + reaches for objects + takes stuff to mouth- FM
Can babble - H+L
Stranger anxiety - S
what can a child do at 3m
lift hed from prone - GM
fix and follow objects with eyes - FM
turns head towards sounds - H+L
Smile and laugh - S
what vaccienes are given at 2m
6-in-1
PCV
roatvirus
menB
what vaccienes are given at 3m
6-in-1
rotavirus
what vaccienes are given at 6m
6-in-1
PCV
Men B
what vaccienes are given at 12m
HiB + Men C
MMR
Men B boost
what vaccienes are given at 2y
nasal flu vacciene
what vaccienes are given at 3y 4m
MMR boost
4-in-1
what vaccienes are given at 12y
HPV
Teen boost
Men ACWY
what is in the 4-in-1 vacciene
diptheria
tetanus
pertusis
polio
what is in the 6-in-1 vacciene
diptheria
tetanus
pertusis
polio
HiB
Hep B
what is the PCV
oneumococcal conjugate vacciene
what is in the teen boost vacciene
aka 3-in-1
tetanus
dipthera
polio
what is childhood obesity
BMI>90th centile
what are the duties of a doctor when talking about childhood obesity
promote breast feeding in infancy
education of healthy lifestyle and the consequences of childhood obesity
monitoring growth parameters
what is the aim of managing childhood obesity
maintain their weight so they ‘grow into it’
what is the medical management of childhood obesity
only for children over 12 with BMI of 40 (=/+) or 35 with complications
orlistat
metformin (increases insulin sensitivity)
what are life style changes for childhood obesity
no fzzy drinks
decrease portions by 10-20%
60min exersise daily
2hrs only screen time
when would surgery be considered in childhood obesity
only if close to being 18 nd severely obese
what are complications of childhood obesity
bow legs (tibia vara)
abnormal foot structure and function
idiopathic IC HTN
PCOS
T2 diabetes
what is billary atresia
a congenital or acquired absent/blocked/narrowed bile duct
what is the presentation of billary atresia
prolonged neonatal jaundice
ADEK malabsorbtion
failure to thrive
Bleeding and bruising
what can billary atresia lead to
portal HTN
liver failure
cirrosis
what are they types of billary atresia
t1= restricted to commn bilde duct
t2= involving common hepatic duct
t3= involving proximal bile ducts
what is the treatement of billary atresia
surgery
