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Phase 3a > Development (paeds) > Flashcards

Development (paeds) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of developmental delay

A

the gap between normal and abnormal development

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2
Q

what are the developmental fields

A

gross motor

fine motor

vision

hearing and speech

cognition and linguistic

social and emotional

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3
Q

what are prenatal causes of developmental delay

A

genertic ie downs

vascular (occlusions or bleeds)

metabolic (materna hypothyroidism)

Tetrogenic (alcohol or drugs)

congenital infections (rubella)

Neurocutanous syndrome ie neurofibromatosis

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4
Q

what are perinatal causes of developmental delay

A

prematurity linked intravascular haemorrage

asphixia causing HIE

hyperbilliruneamia

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5
Q

what are post natal causes of developmental delay

A

infections ie meningitis

anoxia (accidental,non accidental, seizures)

trauma

vascular ie stroke

metabolic hypoglycaemia

unknown

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6
Q

what are the two types of speech and language developmental delay

A

receptive

expressive

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7
Q

what can cause speech and language developmental delay

A

hearing loss

cleft pallette

cerebral palsy

deprivation

familial (+ is normal for family)

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8
Q

what can a child do at 5y

A

skips and hops

sluent speech

full drawings

dresses self

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9
Q

what can a child do at 3y

A

running (established at 2)

can copy circles and build a multiblock tower

knows names and colours

can stand on 1 foot

short sentances

interactive play

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10
Q

what can a child do at 18m

A

walking - GM

three block twoer + scribbles - FM

forms strings of babble words- H+L

responds to simple instructions - S

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11
Q

what can a child do at 12m

A

crawling, can roll over and lift chest from prone -GM

can transfer blocks between two hands - FM

Turns to name - H+L

Waves bye - S

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12
Q

what should a child be able to do at 9m

A

pull to stand - GM

pincor grip - FM

single non specific words - H+L

clings to familiar adults and knows how to attract attention - S

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13
Q

what can a child do at 6m

A

sit unaided + developed reflexes+ can eat solids - GM
Can use both hands + reaches for objects + takes stuff to mouth- FM

Can babble - H+L

Stranger anxiety - S

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14
Q

what can a child do at 3m

A

lift hed from prone - GM

fix and follow objects with eyes - FM

turns head towards sounds - H+L

Smile and laugh - S

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15
Q

what vaccienes are given at 2m

A

6-in-1

PCV

roatvirus

menB

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16
Q

what vaccienes are given at 3m

A

6-in-1

rotavirus

17
Q

what vaccienes are given at 6m

A

6-in-1

PCV

Men B

18
Q

what vaccienes are given at 12m

A

HiB + Men C

MMR

Men B boost

19
Q

what vaccienes are given at 2y

A

nasal flu vacciene

20
Q

what vaccienes are given at 3y 4m

A

MMR boost

4-in-1

21
Q

what vaccienes are given at 12y

A

HPV

Teen boost

Men ACWY

22
Q

what is in the 4-in-1 vacciene

A

diptheria

tetanus

pertusis

polio

23
Q

what is in the 6-in-1 vacciene

A

diptheria

tetanus

pertusis

polio

HiB

Hep B

24
Q

what is the PCV

A

oneumococcal conjugate vacciene

25
Q

what is in the teen boost vacciene

A

aka 3-in-1

tetanus

dipthera

polio

26
Q

what is childhood obesity

A

BMI>90th centile

27
Q

what are the duties of a doctor when talking about childhood obesity

A

promote breast feeding in infancy

education of healthy lifestyle and the consequences of childhood obesity

monitoring growth parameters

28
Q

what is the aim of managing childhood obesity

A

maintain their weight so they ‘grow into it’

29
Q

what is the medical management of childhood obesity

A

only for children over 12 with BMI of 40 (=/+) or 35 with complications

orlistat

metformin (increases insulin sensitivity)

30
Q

what are life style changes for childhood obesity

A

no fzzy drinks

decrease portions by 10-20%

60min exersise daily

2hrs only screen time

31
Q

when would surgery be considered in childhood obesity

A

only if close to being 18 nd severely obese

32
Q

what are complications of childhood obesity

A

bow legs (tibia vara)

abnormal foot structure and function

idiopathic IC HTN

PCOS

T2 diabetes

33
Q

what is billary atresia

A

a congenital or acquired absent/blocked/narrowed bile duct

34
Q

what is the presentation of billary atresia

A

prolonged neonatal jaundice

ADEK malabsorbtion

failure to thrive

Bleeding and bruising

35
Q

what can billary atresia lead to

A

portal HTN

liver failure

cirrosis

36
Q

what are they types of billary atresia

A

t1= restricted to commn bilde duct

t2= involving common hepatic duct

t3= involving proximal bile ducts

37
Q

what is the treatement of billary atresia

A

surgery

38
Q
A

Phase 3a (22 decks)

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