Resp Flashcards
Causes of a reduced transfer factor (TLCO) (7)
Pneumonia PE Fibrosis Pulmonary oedema Emphysema Anaemia low cardiac output
Causes of a raised transfer factor (TLCO) (6)
Asthma Pulmonary haemorrhage Left to right cardiac shunts Polycythaemia Hyperkinetic states Male gender, exercise
Respiratory alkalosis causes (6)
Anxiety -> hyperventilation (doesnt give low pO2)
PE
Salicylate poisoning (mixed with metabolic acidosis later)
CNS - stroke, SAH, encephalitis
Altitude
Pregnancy
Lights Criteria (5 points)
Pleural fluid protein / Serum protein >0.5
Pleural fluid LDH / Serum LDH >0.6
Pleural fluid LDH > 2/3 * Serum LDH upper limit of normal
Glucose is not used in Light’s Criteria.
Lung Ca risk factors (8)
Smoking (x10) ASbestosis (x5) Arsenic Radon Nickel Chromate Aromatic hydrocarbon Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
Sarcoidosis poor prognosis factors (5)
Insidious onset (symptoms >6 months) Absence of erythema nodosum Extra pulmonary manifestations - eg lupus pernio, splenomegaly CXR - stage III-IV features Black people
Stage 1 mild COPD
Post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.7
FEV1 >80% predicted
Symptoms - exertional SOB, chronic productive cough,
Stage 2 moderate COPD
Post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.7
FEV1 50-79% predicted
Stage 3 severe COPD
Post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.7
FEV1 30-49% predicted
Stage 4 Very severe COPD
Post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.7
FEV1 <30% predicted
Pulmonary eosinophilia causes (8)
Churg-Strauss syndrome
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
Loffler’s syndrome
eosinophilic pneumonia
hypereosinophilic syndrome
tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
drugs: nitrofurantoin, sulphonamides
less common: Wegener’s granulomatosis
Causes of Occupational Asthma (7)
Isocyanates - most common - spray painting, foam moulding Platinum salts Soldering flux resin Glutaraldehyde Flour Eposy resins proteolytic enzymes
