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MRCP > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Parietal Lobe lesion deficits (5)

A

Sensory inattention
Astereognosis (inability to identify objects purely by touch)
Apraxias (difficulty in planning motor function)
Inferior homonymous quadrantinopia
Gerstmann’s syndrome (lesion of dominant parietal): alexia, acalculia, finger agnosia and right-left disorientation

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2
Q

Occipital lobe lesion deficits (3)

A

Cortical blindness
homonymous hemianopia (with macular sparing)
Visual agnosia

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3
Q

Temporal Lobe Lesion (4)

A

Auditory agnosia
Superior homonymous quadrantinopia
prosopagnosia (difficulty recognising faces)
Wernickes aphasia - word substituion, neologisms but speech remains fluent

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4
Q

Frontal lob lesions (5)

A 
Disinhibition
Expressive aphasia - located on the posterior aspect of the frontal lobe, in the inferior frontal gyrus. Speech is non-fluent, laboured, and halting
Perseveration
Anosmia
Inability to generate a list
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5
Q

Cerebellar lesions

A

Midline lesions: gait and truncal ataxia

Hemisphere lesions: intention tremor, past pointing, dysdiadokinesis, nystagmus

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6
Q

Medial thalamus and mammillary bodies of the thalamus

A

Wernicke and Korsakoff syndrome

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7
Q

Substantia Nigra of the basal ganglia

A

PD

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8
Q

Subthalamic nucleus of the basal ganglia

A

Hemiballism

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9
Q

Striatum (caudate nucleus) of the BG

A

Huntingtons chorea

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10
Q

Amygdala

A

Kluver-Bucy syndrome (hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperphagia, visual agnosia

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11
Q

Organic causes of miosis (small pupil)

A 
Argyll-robertson pupil - accomodation is preserved
Old age
COngenital 
Pontine haemorrhage
Horners syndrome
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12
Q

Drug causes of miosis (small pupil)

A

Opiates
PArasympathetics - pilocarpine
Organophosphate toxicity

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13
Q

Neuropathic pain first line

A

Amitryptiline, duloxetine, gabapentin or pregabalin

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14
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia first line

A

CBZ

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15
Q

GBS monitoring

A

FVC

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16
Q

GBS prognosis

A

20% have permanent disability

5% die

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17
Q

Causes of macroglossia (5)

A 
Hypothyroidism
Acromegaly
Amyloidosis 
DMD
mucopolysaccharidosis (e.g. Hurler syndrome)
18
Q

Peripheral neuropathy predominant motor

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome
porphyria
lead poisoning
hereditary sensorimotor neuropathies (HSMN) - Charcot-Marie-Tooth
chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)
diphtheria

19
Q

Peripheral neuropathy predominant sensory

A 
diabetes
uraemia
leprosy
alcoholism
vitamin B12 deficiency
amyloidosis
20
Q

Ab against pre-synaptic voltage gated calcium channel in the peripheral nervous system

A

Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome

A/w small cell lung and breast Ca

21
Q

Anti-Hu paraneoplastic features

A

A/w small cell lung Ca and neuroblastomas
painful sensory peripheral neuropathy
Cerebellar syndrome
Encephalomyelitis

22
Q

Anti-Yo paraneoplastic features

A

A/w ovarian and breast Ca

Cerebellar syndrome

23
Q

Anti-GAD paraneoplastic features

A 
a/e colorectal, breast and small cell lung Ca
DIffuse hypertonia (stiff persons syndrome)
24
Q

Anti-Ri paraneoplastic features

A

A/w breast and samll cell lung Ca

Ocular opsonus-myoclonus

25
Q

Purkinje cell Ab paraneoplastic features

A

Breast Ca

peripheral neuropathy

26
Q

Contrlateral hemiparesis and sensory loss, lower>upper limb - likely artery

A

Anterior cerebral

27
Q

Contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss upper>lower - inc face
Contralateral homonymous hemianopia
Aphasias

A

Middle cerebral artery

28
Q

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

Visual agnosia

A

Posterior cerebral artery

29
Q

Ipsilateral CN III palsy

Contralateral weakness of upper and lower extremity

A

Webers syndrome - bracnhes of posterior artery that supply midbrain

30
Q

Ipsilateral: facial pain and temperature loss
Contralateral: limb/torso pain and temperature loss
Ataxia, nystagmus

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

31
Q

Amaurosis fugax

A

opthalmic/retinal artery

32
Q

Locked in syndrome

A

basilar artery

33
Q

Lacunar stroke

A

present with either isolated hemiparesis, hemisensory loss or hemiparesis with limb ataxia
strong association with hypertension
common sites include the basal ganglia, thalamus and internal capsule

34
Q

Sodium valproate SEs (10)

A 
HypoNa
pancreatitis 
hepatitis
Thrombocytopenia
Teratogenic
Nausea
Inc appetite and weight gain 
Ataxia
Tremor
Alopecia - regrowth may be curly
35
Q

Migraine pregnancy

A

first line paracetemol

Aspirin 300mg or ibuprofen 400mg second line in 1st and 2nd trimester

36
Q

Drug causes of gingival hyperplasia

A

Phenytoin
CCBs - esp nifedipine
Ciclosporin

37
Q

Condition causing gingival hyperplasia

A

AML

38
Q

Temporal lobe epilepsy HEAD

A

Hallucinaitons
Epigastric rising/Emotional
Automatisms - lip smacking/grabbing
Deja vu/Dysphasia post ictal

39
Q

Frontal lobe epilepsy

A

Head/leg movements
Posturing
Post ictal weakness

40
Q

Parietal lobe epilepsy

A

parasthesia

41
Q

Occipital lobe epilepsy

A

floaters/flashers

MRCP (17 decks)

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