Resp 5 Flashcards
rhinitis
- allergen/viral/bacterial
- inflammation of nasal mucosa and sinuses
allergic rhinitis
hay fever; triggered by hypersensitivity reactions to airborne allergens, can be seasonal
perennial rhinitis
occurs intermittently with no seasonal pattern or continuously when exposed to offending allergen
rhinitis rebound
overuse of nasal decongestants or overuse of cocaine
acute viral rhinitis
common cold, spreads by droplets and common contact
rhinitis treatment
- focus on symptom relief and pt education
- antihistamines, decongestant, , intranasal steroid spray
- Supportive therapy includes rest (8-10 hours a day); increase fluid intake (intake of at least 2000 mL/day); humidify the air; also teach patient to reduce the risk of spreading infection
rhinosinusitis
Sinusitis-inflammation of the mucous membranes of one or more of the sinuses and is usually associated with rhinitis
-usually viral
rhinosinusitis symptoms
pain over cheek and/or teeth area, tenderness to percussion over the sinus areas, referred pain to the temple or back of head, general facial pain when bending forward, purulent nasal drainage, fever, swelling, fatigue, dental pain, ear pressure
rhinosinusitis treatment
•Treatment: antibiotics (amoxicillin, augmentin), analgesics (pain.fever), decongestant, antipyretic, steam humidification hot wet packs over sinus area, nasal saline irrigation, possibly nasal steroids, or nasal irrigation; avoid cigarette smoke; try sleeping with head of bed elevated
pharyngitis
- sore throat can be caused by bacteria, virus, trauma, irritants, smoking, strep
- viral and bacterial difficult to distinguish on physical exam
viral pharyngitis
contagious 2-3 days, symptoms subside in 3-10 days, usually self-limiting
bacterial pharyngitis symptoms (gr. A strep)
high fever, erythema of tonsils w yellow exudate, petechiae, possible rash, positive throat culture
Group A strep complications
rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, abcess, sinusitis, mastoiditis, bronchitis,acute glomerulonephritis, pneumonia
pharyngitis interventions
- rest, increase fluid intake, humidify air, use analgesics for pain (both viral and bac)
- bacterial- antibiotics penicillin, cephalosporin
pharyngitis complications
epiglottitis- if stridor, drooling, difficulty breathing or indications of airway obstruction occur->emergent situation
tonsilitis pathophysiology
- sudden onset of severe sore throat, fever/aches/chills, anorexia, malaise, tonsils very swollen/red/pus
- usually bacterial (strep)
tonsilitis care
antibiotics, rest increase fluid intake, humidify air, analgesics, gargle w warm saline
-surgery for chronic, abcess, enlarged that cause obstruction
seasonal flu pathophysiology
- highly cont acute viral resp infection
- rapid onset of severe headache, fever/chills/ aches, fatigue and weakness
- cont 24 hrs prior to symptoms to 5 days after symptoms
- sore throat, cough, nasal discharge follow initial manifestations
- strain B- N/V/D
seasonal flu health promotion
vaccines 3-4 antigens
- IM fluvirin, fluzone
- intranasal- live attenuated for healthy under 49
antivirals
A-amantadine, rimantadine
B-ribavirin
Zanamivir (relenza), oseltamivir (tamiflu) (n-inhibitors) take w/n 24-48 hrs to be effective
Zanavir-use cautiosly w COPD
pandemic flu pathophysiology
- potential to spread globally
- mutated anilmal viruses
- humans have no natural immunity
pandemic flu health promotion
- early recognition of new cases and quarentine
- if cluster give vaccine-vepacel
- other flu vaccine may reduce symptoms
- all nonessential public activities stopped
pandemic flu pt care
- priority on supporting the pt and preventing spread of disease
- reg flu symptoms plus bleeding from nose and gums
- ask about travels
- airborne isolation room w negative air pressure
- PPE required when treating
- respiratory support and fluids
