resp 2 Flashcards

1
Q

COPD lab values-blood-3

A

elevated:
RBC 4.2-6.1
Hgb 12-18
Hct 37%-52%

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2
Q

COPD lab values- WBC differential-2

A

elevated:
neutrophils 2500-8000, 55-70%
eosinophils 50-500, 1-4%

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3
Q

COPD lab values- ABG-2

A

Decreased: PaO2 80-100

elevated PaCO2 35-45

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4
Q

sputum production

A
  • assess color, consistency, odor, and amount

- normal 90mL a day

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5
Q

smokers sputum

A

mocoid

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6
Q

pulmonary edema sputum

A

excessive pink, frothy

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7
Q

bacterial pneumonia sputum

A

rust colored

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8
Q

lung abcess sputum

A

foul smelling

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9
Q

hemoptysis

A

blood in sputum most seen in lung cancer and chronic bronchitis

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10
Q

grossly bloody sputum

A

TB, pulmonary infarction, lung cancer, lung abcess

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11
Q

palpation resp assessment

A
  • identify areas of tenderness and check vocal or tactile fremitus (vibration)
  • place hands at 9th rib inhale moves thumbs up and out, uneven expansion could be from pain, trauma, or air in pleural cav
  • palpate abnormalities, crepitus
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12
Q

crepitus

A

air trapped in and under skin, subcutaneous emphysema

  • crackle beneath fingertips
  • alert HCP if around wound, trach, or if pneumothorax suspected
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13
Q

tactile (vocal) fremitus

A
  • vibration felt on chest wall when speaking
  • decreased with air (pneumothorax) or fluid (plearal effusion), or if bronchus obstructed
  • increased with pneumonia and lung abcess
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14
Q

percussion resp assessment- resonance

A

normal lung tissue

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15
Q

percussion resp assessment- hyperresonance

A

presence of trapped air

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16
Q

percussion resp assessment- flatness

A

may be pleaural effusion

17
Q

percussion resp assessment- dullness

A

atelectasis or consolidated lung

18
Q

percussion resp assessment- tympany

A

large pneumothorax

19
Q

breath sounds- fine crackles/rales

A

popping, discontinuous sounds caused by air moving into previously deflated airways; hair rolled between fingers
-asbestosis, atelectasis, interstitial fibrosis

20
Q

high-pitched rales

A

velcro sound, late in inspiration usually associated w restrictive disorders
-bronchitis, pneumonia, chronic pulm disease

21
Q

coarse/low pitched crackles

A

rattle produced by fluid/secretions in large airways, likely to change w cough/suction
-bronchitis, pneumonia, tumors, pulm edema

22
Q

wheeze

A

squeaky/musical/continuous ass. w air moving through narrowed small airways; heard w/o stethoscope, not cleared by coughing
-inflammation, bronchspasm, edema, secretions, pulm vessel engorgement

23
Q

rhonchus

A

low pitched, coarse, cont snoring, come from large airways

-thick tenacious secretions, sputum prod, foreign body obstruction, tumors

24
Q

pleural friction rub

A

loud/rough/grating/scratching due to inflamed surfaces of pleura rubbing together, pain on deep resp, heard in lateral lung fields
-pleurisy, TB, pulm infarction, pneumonia, lung cancer

25
Q

CT IV contrast contraindications

A

allergy to iodine or shellfish, kidney function, type 2 DM (nephrotoxic)
-metformin stop 24 prior and not restarted until adequate kidney funct reestablished

26
Q

benzocaine complications

A

may induce methemoglobinemia- altered iron state that does not carry oxygen results in tissue hypoxia

27
Q

pneumothorax signs

A
  • can occur 24 hrs after thoracentesis
  • pain on affected side worse at end of inhalation and exhalation, rapid heart rate, rapid shallow resp, feeling of air hunger
  • prominence of affected side that does not move in and out w resp, trachea slanted to unaffected side, new nagging cough, cyanosis
28
Q

thoracentesis positioing

A

depends on vol and location of fluid, sitting leaning forward

29
Q

chronic hypercarbia oxygen requirements

A

Fio2 should be titrated to achieve oxygen saturation between 88-92%

30
Q

non-rebreather mask safety

A

ensure valve and flaps are intact and functional during ea breath, remove mucus and saliva, closely assess pt, intubation next step