resp 2 Flashcards
COPD lab values-blood-3
elevated:
RBC 4.2-6.1
Hgb 12-18
Hct 37%-52%
COPD lab values- WBC differential-2
elevated:
neutrophils 2500-8000, 55-70%
eosinophils 50-500, 1-4%
COPD lab values- ABG-2
Decreased: PaO2 80-100
elevated PaCO2 35-45
sputum production
- assess color, consistency, odor, and amount
- normal 90mL a day
smokers sputum
mocoid
pulmonary edema sputum
excessive pink, frothy
bacterial pneumonia sputum
rust colored
lung abcess sputum
foul smelling
hemoptysis
blood in sputum most seen in lung cancer and chronic bronchitis
grossly bloody sputum
TB, pulmonary infarction, lung cancer, lung abcess
palpation resp assessment
- identify areas of tenderness and check vocal or tactile fremitus (vibration)
- place hands at 9th rib inhale moves thumbs up and out, uneven expansion could be from pain, trauma, or air in pleural cav
- palpate abnormalities, crepitus
crepitus
air trapped in and under skin, subcutaneous emphysema
- crackle beneath fingertips
- alert HCP if around wound, trach, or if pneumothorax suspected
tactile (vocal) fremitus
- vibration felt on chest wall when speaking
- decreased with air (pneumothorax) or fluid (plearal effusion), or if bronchus obstructed
- increased with pneumonia and lung abcess
percussion resp assessment- resonance
normal lung tissue
percussion resp assessment- hyperresonance
presence of trapped air