GI Flashcards

1
Q

GI changes in elderly

A

1.decreased hydrochloric acid, peristalsis, lipase production, protein synthesis, and liver enzymes

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2
Q

physical assessment of abdomen

A

inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation

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3
Q

elderly diet changes

A

small frequent meals high in fiber, vitamins, and iron w plenty of water

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4
Q

large pulsating mass in abdomen

A

don’t touch, tell dr quadrant of origin and direction of flow
-intestinal obstruction of aortic aneurysm

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5
Q

range of bowel sounds

A

use diaphragm of stethescope

hypo- after abdominal surgery , peritonitis, paralytic ulcer

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6
Q

borborygmus

A

loud increased sounds- diarrhea

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7
Q

bruits

A

swoosh sound- aneurysm

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8
Q

upper endoscopy interventions for decreased RR

A

use a stimulus such as sternal rub to encourage deeper and faster respirations

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9
Q

colonoscopy education

A
  1. clear liquid diet
  2. avoid red, orange or purple beverages
  3. drink electrolyte drinks
  4. NPO 4-6 hrs before proceedure
  5. avoid aspirin, anticoagulants, and antiplatelets several days prior
  6. bowel prep- chill, no elderly
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10
Q

candida albicans (oral thrush) treatment

A

nystatin (mycostantin) oral suspension swish/swallow
ice pop troches
topical triamcinolone in benzocaine
oral dexamethasone

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11
Q

erythroplakia

A

precancerous, red velvety mucosal lesions on the surface of oral mucosa

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12
Q

leukoplakia

A

thick white firmly attached patches that can’t be easily scraped off

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13
Q

lidocaine for pain cautions

A

can cause burns from hot liquids or risk for chocking

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14
Q

acute sialadentis interventions

A

IV fluids/hydration, warm compress, massage of the gland, use saliva substitute, use sialagogues (lemon or citrus flavor)

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15
Q

contributing factors to decreased lower esophageal sphincter

A

caffiene, chocolate, citrus, tomatoes, smoking, calcium channel blockers, nitrates, mint, alcohol, anticholenergic drugs, high levels of estrogen/progesterone, NG tube placement

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16
Q

GERD symptoms

A

dyspepsia, regurgitation, cough/wheeze at night, water brash, dysphagia, odynophagia, epigastric pain, belch/fart, nausea, pyrosis (heartburn), globus (feeling of something in back of throat), pharyngitis

17
Q

peptic ulcer disease diet

A

avoid substances that increase gastric acid secretion- caffeine containing beverages and all coffee

18
Q

antacid side effects

A

sodium excess, hypernatremia, water retention, metabolic alkalosis, acid rebound, diarrhea, constipation

19
Q

dyspepsia

A

heartburn

20
Q

pernicious anemia vitamin supplementation

A

B12

21
Q

helicobacter infection meds (MOC)

A

triple therapy- metronidazole (amoxicillin), omeprazole (lansoprazole), and clarithomycin
quad- add PPI

22
Q

liver disease and increased bleeding

A

PT is prolonged because the liver decreases production of prothrombin, low platelet counts
splenomegally destroys platelets causing thrombocytopenia

23
Q

hepatic encephalopathy cause

A

shunting of portal venous blood into central circulation so the liver is bypassed

24
Q

hepatic encephalopathy

A

cognitive syndrome that results from liver failure and cirrhosis

  • sleep/mood/speech disturbance early -treatable
  • LOC and neuromuscular later
25
Q

beta cells in pancrease

A

insulin

26
Q

alpha cells

A

glucagon

27
Q

3 pancreas enzymes

A

lipase, trypsin, elastase

28
Q

omeprazole

A

30 min before meal, take whole

  • long term use osteoporotic fractures and reduced aniplatelet drug clopidogrel effect
  • don’t stop abruptly