Resp Flashcards
TB treatment
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
What vitamin needs to be co-administered with isoniazid to prevent peripheral neuropathy?
Pyridoxine (vit B6)
Transudate vs Exudate Pleural Effusion
LIGHTS CRITERIA
Transudate <0.5 protein (pleural/serum) and <0.6 LDH
Exudate >0.5 protein and >0.6 LDH
Causes of Transudate Pleural Effusion
Hypoalbuminaemia - cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome
Congestive heart failure
Hypothyroidism
Meig’s syndrome
Causes of Exudative Pleural Effusion
Infection - pneumonia, TB, subphrenic abscess
CTD - RA, SLE
Malignancy - lung cancer, mesothelioma, mets
Pancreatitis
PE
Dressler’s syndrome
Yellow nail syndrome
First line antibiotic in acute bronchitis
Doxycyline
Causes of a raised TLCO
Asthma
Pulmonary haemorrhages - Granulomatosis with polyangitis, Goodpastures
Left to right cardiac shunts
Polycythemia
Hyperkinetic states
Male gender
Exercise
Causes of a decreased TLCO
Pulmonary fibrosis
Pneumonia
PE
Pulmonary oedema
Emphysema
Anaemia
Low cardiac output
Features of Klebsiella Pneumonia
More common in alcoholics and diabetics
Can occur following aspiration
Red-currant jelly sputum
Affects upper lobes
Paraneoplastic Features with small cell clung cancer
ADH
ACTH
Lambert-eaton syndrome
Paraneoplastic features with squamous cell lung cancer
PTH-rp. causing hypercalcaemia
Clubbing
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
Hyperthyroidism due to ectopic TSH
Buproprion
Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor and nicotinic antagonist
Should be started 1-2 weeks before stop day target
Asthma investigations diagnostic criteria
exhaled FeNO of > 40 parts per billion
post-bronchodilator improvement in lung volume of 200ml
post-bronchodilator improvement in FEV1 by 12%
Peak expiratory flow rate variability by 20%
FEV1/FVC <70%
Most common organisms causing infective exacerbations in COPD
Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumonia
Moraxella catarrhalis
features of moderate asthma attack
PEFR 50-75% best or predicted
Speech normal
RR <25/min
HR <110
features of severe asthma attack
PEFR 33-50%
Cant complete sentences
RR >25/min
HR >110
Features of a life-threatening asthma attack
PEFR <33%
O2 sats <92%
Normal pCO2 on blood gas
Silent chest, cyanosis or feeble respiratory effort
Bradycardia, dysrhythmia, hypotension
Exhaustion, confusion or coma
Causes of respiratory alkalosis
Anxiety leading to hyperventilation
PE
Salicylate poisoning
CNS disorders - stroke, subarachnoid haemorrhage, encephalitis
Altitude
Pregnancy
