Resp Flashcards
TB treatment
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
What vitamin needs to be co-administered with isoniazid to prevent peripheral neuropathy?
Pyridoxine (vit B6)
Transudate vs Exudate Pleural Effusion
LIGHTS CRITERIA
Transudate <0.5 protein (pleural/serum) and <0.6 LDH
Exudate >0.5 protein and >0.6 LDH
Causes of Transudate Pleural Effusion
Hypoalbuminaemia - cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome
Congestive heart failure
Hypothyroidism
Meig’s syndrome
Causes of Exudative Pleural Effusion
Infection - pneumonia, TB, subphrenic abscess
CTD - RA, SLE
Malignancy - lung cancer, mesothelioma, mets
Pancreatitis
PE
Dressler’s syndrome
Yellow nail syndrome
First line antibiotic in acute bronchitis
Doxycyline
Causes of a raised TLCO
Asthma
Pulmonary haemorrhages - Granulomatosis with polyangitis, Goodpastures
Left to right cardiac shunts
Polycythemia
Hyperkinetic states
Male gender
Exercise
Causes of a decreased TLCO
Pulmonary fibrosis
Pneumonia
PE
Pulmonary oedema
Emphysema
Anaemia
Low cardiac output
Features of Klebsiella Pneumonia
More common in alcoholics and diabetics
Can occur following aspiration
Red-currant jelly sputum
Affects upper lobes
Paraneoplastic Features with small cell clung cancer
ADH
ACTH
Lambert-eaton syndrome
Paraneoplastic features with squamous cell lung cancer
PTH-rp. causing hypercalcaemia
Clubbing
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
Hyperthyroidism due to ectopic TSH
Buproprion
Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor and nicotinic antagonist
Should be started 1-2 weeks before stop day target
Asthma investigations diagnostic criteria
exhaled FeNO of > 40 parts per billion
post-bronchodilator improvement in lung volume of 200ml
post-bronchodilator improvement in FEV1 by 12%
Peak expiratory flow rate variability by 20%
FEV1/FVC <70%
Most common organisms causing infective exacerbations in COPD
Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumonia
Moraxella catarrhalis
features of moderate asthma attack
PEFR 50-75% best or predicted
Speech normal
RR <25/min
HR <110
