Opthalmology Flashcards
Orbital cellulitis management
IV cefotaxime or IV clindamycin
Risk Factors for Glaucoma
Increasing age
Family history
Afro-carribean ethnicity
HTN
Diabetes mellitus
Myopia
Corticosteroids
Fundoscopy findings glaucoma
Optic disc cupping and pallor
Bayonetting of vessels
Retinitis pigmentosa features
Night blindness
Tunnel vission
Causes of tunnel vission
Papilloedema
Glaucoma
Retinitis pigmentosa
Choroidoretinitis
Optic atrophy secondary to tabes dorsalis
Hysteria
Initial management of acute angle-closure glaucoma
IV acetazolomide
eye drops - direct parasympathomimetic (pilocarpine), beta blocker (timolol), alpha-2 agonist (apraclonidine)
Definitive management in acute angle-closure glaucoma
Laser peripheral irridotomy
Retinal detachment risk factors
Dibetes mellitus
myopia
age
previous surgery for cataracts
eye trauma
herpes zoster opthalmicus management
Oral antiviral treatment for 7-10 days
Topical corticosteroids if any secondary inflammation
Urgent opthalmology review
Optic neuritis causes
Multiple sclerosis
Diabetes
Syphilis
Optic neuritis features
Unliateral decrease in visual acuity over hours or days
Poor discrimination of colours
Pain worse on eye movements
RAPD
Central scotoma
Optic neuritis management
High dose steroids
Recovery usually takes 4-6 weeks
Cataracts risk factors
Smoking
Increased alcohol consumption
Trauma
Diabetes mellitus
long-term corticosteroid use
radiation exposure
myotonic dystrophy
metabolic disorders - hypocalcaemia
Scleritis risk factors
RA
SLE
Sarcoidosis
Granulomatosis with polyangitis
Scleritis freatures
Red eye
Classically painful
watering
photophobia
gradual decrease in vision
Causes of mydiasis
Third nerve palsy
Holmes-adie pupil
truamatic iridoplegia
phaeochromocytoma
Congenital
Central retinal vein occlusion risk factors
Increasing age
HTN
Cardiovascular disease
glaucoma
polycythemia
Central retinal vein occlusion fundoscopy
Flame haemorrhages
Horners syndrome
Ptosis
Miosis
Enopthalmous
Anhydrosis
Vitreous haemorrhage presentation
Painless vision loss or haze
red hue to vision
Floaters/shadows/dark spots in vision
Central retinal vein occlusion presentation
Sudden painless reduction or loss in vision
keratitis features
Red eye - painful and erythema
Photophobia
Foreign body/gritty sensation
Hypopyon may be seen
Acute angle closure glaucoma features
Severe pain: ocular or headache
Decreased visual acuity
Symptoms worsen with mydriasis
Hard, red eye
Haloes around lights
Semi-dilated non-reacting pupil
Corneal oedema
Systemic upset e.g. vomiting, abdominal pain
Herpes zoster opthalmicus complications
Ocular - conjunctivitis, keratitis, episcleritis, anterior uveitis
Ptosis
Post herpatic neuralgia
