Paediatrics

Question 1

Pathogen in croup

Answer 1

Parainfluenza virus

Question 2

Croup presentation

Answer 2

Barking cough
stridor
coryzal symptoms
fever

Question 3

Croup management

Answer 3

Oral dexamethasone
EMERGENCY - high-flow oxygen, nebulised adrenaline

Question 4

Croup pathophys

Answer 4

Laryngeal oedema and secretions leading to partial airway obstruction

Question 5

Causes of snoring in children

Answer 5

Obesity
nasal problems - polyps, deviated septum, hypertrophic nasal turbinates
Recurrent tonsilitis
Down’s syndrome
Hypothyroidism

Question 6

Noonan syndrome characteristics

Answer 6

Webbed neck
Pectus excavatum
Short stature
Pulmonary stenosis
Ptosis

Question 7

Biliary atresia presentation

Answer 7

Jaundice
Dark urine and pale stools
Appetite and growth disturbance
Hepatosplenomegaly

Question 8

Wilms tumour presentation

Answer 8

Abdominal mass (most common)
painless haematuria
flank pain
anorexia, fever

Question 9

Foetal alcohol syndrome features

Answer 9

Short palpebral fissures
Thin vermillon border/hypoplastic upper lip
Smooth/absent philtrum
Learning difficulties
Microcephaly
Growth retardation
Epicanthic folds
Cardiac malformations

Question 10

measles features

Answer 10

Prodromal phase - irritable, conjunctivitis, fever
Koplik spots
Rash - maculopapular starts behind ears and spread to entire body
Diarrhoea - 10% patients

Question 11

measles complications

Answer 11

otitis media
penumonia
encephalitis
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
febrile convulsions
ketoconjunctivitis
diarrhoea
myocarditis

Question 12

Live attenuated vaccines

Answer 12

BCG
MMR
Oral polio
Yellow fever
Oral thyphoid

Question 13

Tuberous sclerosis skin manifestations

Answer 13

Ash-leaf spots
Shagreen patches
Angiofibromas - butterfly distribution over the nose
Fibromata beneath nails
Cafe-au-lait spots (may be seen)

Question 14

Sits without support age

Answer 14

Round back = 6 months
Straight back = 8 months

Question 15

Crawling age

Answer 15

8-9 months

Question 16

Stands independently age

Answer 16

10 months

Question 17

Walks

Answer 17

12-15 months

Question 18

Limit for walking age

Answer 18

18 months

Question 19

Reaches our for toys age

Answer 19

4 months

Question 20

Palmar grasp

Answer 20

4-6 months

Question 21

Transfers toys from one hand to another

Answer 21

7 months

Question 22

Mature pincer grip

Answer 22

10 months

Question 23

makes marks with crayons

Answer 23

16-18 months

Question 24

building towers ages

Answer 24

18 months - 3 blocks
2 years - 6 blocks
2.5 years - 8 block tower or train with 4 blocks
3 years - bridge
4 years - steps after demonstration

Question 25

Drawing ages

Answer 25

2 years - line
3 years - circle
3.5 years - cross
4 years - square
5 years - triangle

Question 26

Vocalises alone, coos, laughs

Answer 26

3-4 months

Question 27

Turns to soft sound or sigh

Answer 27

7 months

Question 28

Sounds used indiscriminately

Answer 28

7 months

Question 29

sounds used discriminately to parents

Answer 29

10 months

Question 30

two or three works other then mama or dada

Answer 30

12 months

Question 31

6-10 words

Answer 31

18 months

Question 32

joins two or more words to make simple phrases

Answer 32

20-24 months

Question 33

Talks constantly in 3-4 word sentences

Answer 33

2.5-3 years