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Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogen in croup

A

Parainfluenza virus

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2
Q

Croup presentation

A

Barking cough
stridor
coryzal symptoms
fever

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3
Q

Croup management

A

Oral dexamethasone
EMERGENCY - high-flow oxygen, nebulised adrenaline

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4
Q

Croup pathophys

A

Laryngeal oedema and secretions leading to partial airway obstruction

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5
Q

Causes of snoring in children

A

Obesity
nasal problems - polyps, deviated septum, hypertrophic nasal turbinates
Recurrent tonsilitis
Down’s syndrome
Hypothyroidism

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6
Q

Noonan syndrome characteristics

A

Webbed neck
Pectus excavatum
Short stature
Pulmonary stenosis
Ptosis

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7
Q

Biliary atresia presentation

A

Jaundice
Dark urine and pale stools
Appetite and growth disturbance
Hepatosplenomegaly

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8
Q

Wilms tumour presentation

A

Abdominal mass (most common)
painless haematuria
flank pain
anorexia, fever

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9
Q

Foetal alcohol syndrome features

A

Short palpebral fissures
Thin vermillon border/hypoplastic upper lip
Smooth/absent philtrum
Learning difficulties
Microcephaly
Growth retardation
Epicanthic folds
Cardiac malformations

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10
Q

measles features

A

Prodromal phase - irritable, conjunctivitis, fever
Koplik spots
Rash - maculopapular starts behind ears and spread to entire body
Diarrhoea - 10% patients

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11
Q

measles complications

A

otitis media
penumonia
encephalitis
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
febrile convulsions
ketoconjunctivitis
diarrhoea
myocarditis

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12
Q

Live attenuated vaccines

A

BCG
MMR
Oral polio
Yellow fever
Oral thyphoid

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13
Q

Tuberous sclerosis skin manifestations

A

Ash-leaf spots
Shagreen patches
Angiofibromas - butterfly distribution over the nose
Fibromata beneath nails
Cafe-au-lait spots (may be seen)

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14
Q

Sits without support age

A

Round back = 6 months
Straight back = 8 months

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15
Q

Crawling age

A

8-9 months

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16
Q

Stands independently age

17
Q

Walks

A

12-15 months

18
Q

Limit for walking age

19
Q

Reaches our for toys age

20
Q

Palmar grasp

A

4-6 months

21
Q

Transfers toys from one hand to another

22
Q

Mature pincer grip

23
Q

makes marks with crayons

A

16-18 months

24
Q

building towers ages

A

18 months - 3 blocks
2 years - 6 blocks
2.5 years - 8 block tower or train with 4 blocks
3 years - bridge
4 years - steps after demonstration

25
Drawing ages
2 years - line 3 years - circle 3.5 years - cross 4 years - square 5 years - triangle
26
Vocalises alone, coos, laughs
3-4 months
27
Turns to soft sound or sigh
7 months
28
Sounds used indiscriminately
7 months
29
sounds used discriminately to parents
10 months
30
two or three works other then mama or dada
12 months
31
6-10 words
18 months
32
joins two or more words to make simple phrases
20-24 months
33
Talks constantly in 3-4 word sentences
2.5-3 years

Passmed Rev Points (14 decks)

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