resp

Question 1

what do you see in inspection

Answer 1

tachypnoea, cough, cyanosis, use of accessory muscles. audible wheeze, nasal flaring, sweating, tripod position

Question 2

bradypnoea

Answer 2

under 12

Question 3

tachypnoea

Answer 3

over 20

Question 4

trachea deviation away from lesion

Answer 4

extensive pleural effusion, tension pneumothorax, chest expansion (?)

Question 5

trachea deviation toward the lesion

Answer 5

upper lobe collapse, upper lobe fibrosis, pneumonectomy

Question 6

cause of unilateral dec in chest expansion

Answer 6

pneumothorax, pleural effussion, collapsed lung, consolidation

Question 7

symmetrical decrease in chest expansion

Answer 7

asthma, COPD, fibrosis,

Question 8

what do you hear when you percuss healthy lung

Answer 8

resonant, loud and low pitched (like for like)

Question 9

hyper-resonant percussion

Answer 9

excess air, such as pneumothorax, COPD, acute asthma, hollow bowels

Question 10

hyop-resonant in percussion

Answer 10

not air in lungs: dull- bone/ tumour/ consolidation/ collapse/ liver.
stoney dull: haemothorax/ pleural effusion

Question 11

what should you hear in ausculation of the lungs?

Answer 11

bronchial breathing- loud, high pitched, equal inspiratory and expiratory phase, heard over manubrium (pause heard over trachea)
-heard outside normal teritory: inc transmission of sound to surface of chest due to consolidation, pleural effusion, pul fibrosis, collapsed lung.

Question 12

what is vesicular breathing?

Answer 12

lower pitched, rustling sounds, longer inspiraotry phase, no pause between inspiration and expiration, heard all over lungs. dec intensity due to shallow breathing/ pneumothorax

Question 13

when is tactile vocal fremitus inc density

Answer 13

consolidation/ pneumonia/ tumour/ lobe collapse

Question 14

when is tactile etc dec density

Answer 14

COPD.

Question 15

poplyphonic wheeze

Answer 15

asthma, copd, heart failure

Question 16

monophonic wheeze:

Answer 16

carcinoma, foreign body

Question 17

what lymph nodes do you palpate

Answer 17

submental, submandibular, parotid, preauricular, post auricular, occipital, superficial cervical, posterior cervical, supraclavicular

Question 18

what will you hear in COPD

Answer 18

bilateral dec chest expansion, hyper-resonant percussion, polyphonic wheeze, prolonged expiratory phase, dec tactile vocal fremitus. Hyper-inflated chest

Question 19

what will you hear in pneumothorax

Answer 19

dec chest expansion ipsilaterally, tracheal deviation away if tension, hyper-resonant percussion, dec intensity of breath sounds, dec tactile vocal fremitus on affected side.

Question 20

what do you hear in lobar collapse

Answer 20

: tracheal deviate to lesion, dec chest expansion ipsilaterally, dullness percussion, dec breath sounds, inc tactile fremitus.

Question 21

what do you hear in consolidation

Answer 21

ipsilateral dec chest expansion, dullness to percussion, bronchial sounds over consolidation, inc tactile fremitus.

Question 22

what do you hear in pleural effusion

Answer 22

dec chest expansion ipsilaterally, stoney dull percussion, reduced intensity of breath sounds and tactile vocal fremitus,

Question 23

what do you hear in fibrosis

Answer 23

bilateral dec in chest expansion and fine end inspiratory crackles, acute asthma: bilateral dec in chest expansion, hyper resonant, expiatory wheeze, prolonged expiratory phase

Question 24

lung fissure markings

Answer 24

Its surface markings are from the level of the right fourth costal cartilage horizontally to a junction with the oblique fissure at approximately the midaxillary line in the fifth intercostal space.