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neuro Flashcards

1
Q

what is increased tone present as

A

joint stiffness

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2
Q

how does decreased tone present as

A

joint moves freely with little resistance

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3
Q

what are you testing in shoulder abduction

A

axillary nerve: C-5. deltoid muscle. (flex elbows: apply downward resistance)

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4
Q

what are you testing in shoulder adduction

A

thoracodorsal nerve-C6/C7. teres major/ latissimus dorsi and pec major (bring elbow closer to body and apply upward resistance)

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5
Q

what are you testing in elbow flexion

A

musculocutaneous nerve C5/C6, biceps brachii (apply resistance by pushing forearm away)

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6
Q

what are you testing in elbow extension

A

radial nerve- C7 (triceps brachii, apply resistance by pushing towards)

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7
Q

what are you testing in bicep reflex

A

C5/C6, flexors of wrist (ant foreaerm muscles)

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8
Q

what are you testing in tricep reflex

A

C7/C8

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9
Q

what are you testing in supinator

A

C6

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10
Q

swab on lateral arm

A

C5

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11
Q

swab on lateral forearm

A

C6

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12
Q

swab on middle finger

A

C7

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13
Q

swab on little finger

A

C8

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14
Q

swab on medial aspect of forearm

A

T1

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15
Q

swab on axilla

A

T2

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16
Q

when would the ROM change when passively moving something

A

greater range of motion: hypotonia. dec range of motion: hypertonia.

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17
Q

clonus

A

move ankle in circular motion, then stop suddenly, if clonus then the foot will move up and down due to lesion of UMN descending pathway

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18
Q

hip flexion

A

iliofemoral: L1/2. psoas major, ilacus

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19
Q

hip extension

A

inferior gluteal nerve: L5/S1/S2. gluteus maximus

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20
Q

knee flexion

A

sciatic nerve: L5/S1/S3

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21
Q

knee extension

A

quadriceps: femoral nerve: L2/3/4

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22
Q

dorsiflexion

A

deep peroneal nerve: L4/L5. test tibialis ant and EHL and EDL etc. resist by pushing foot downwards

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23
Q

plantar flexion

A

tibial nerve: S1/S2.

24
Q

LMN lesion

A

hypotonia, loss of tension from muscles soo more relaxed (needed to form reflex arch, so if not there, then can’t form it). spinal cord. LMN lesions have focal patterns of weakness with only affects muscles beinf those directly innervated by nerves.

25
Q

UMN lesion

A

hypertonia, loose inhibitory effect on LMN so cause muscles to be stiffer. UMN lesions typically pyramidal pattern of weakness: upper limb extensors weaker then flexors, lower limb flexors weaker then extensors.

26
Q

patellar reflex

A

L2,3,4. knees hanging of the couch. jendrassik maneouvre (clenching teeth and flexing both sets of fingers in hook like form)

27
Q

achilles reflex

A

tap achilles tendon. S1/S2. hip adbucted, knee flexed, ankle dorsiflexed

28
Q

sensation: lateral thigh

29
Q

sensation knee

30
Q

sensation greater toe

31
Q

sensation middle toe

32
Q

sensation little toe

33
Q

sensation back of thigh

34
Q

causes of UMN lesion

A

stroke, MS, traumatic brain/ spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, ALS

35
Q

causes of LMN lesion

A

MND, peripheral neuropahty, nerve root compression

36
Q

inspection: UMN vs LMN

A

no fasiculations/ muscle wasting in UMN, but present in LMN

37
Q

tone: UMN/LMN

A

inc tone/ dec tone

38
Q

power: UMN/LMN

A

reduced power (upper limb extensors weaker, lower limb flexors weaker) in UMN. LMN: reduced power (local muscle weakness)

39
Q

reflexes: UMN/LMN

A

hyperreflexia, hyporeflexia

40
Q

other: UMN/LMN

A

babinskies sign/ protonator drift

41
Q

thigh abduction

A

gluteus medius and gluteus minimus- superior gluteal nerve

42
Q

thigh adduction

A

adductor longus, brevis and magnus. obturator foramen

43
Q

damage to femoral nerve

A

morot loss: quadriceps weakness, difficulty climbing stairs

sensory: ant and medial thigh.

44
Q

dammage to obturator nerve

A

motor: paralysis of adductors, so can’t sit cross legged.
sensation: medial thigh

45
Q

common fibular nerve:

A

motor: dammage to extensore and evertors. foot drop. peroneal muscles. tibials ant and EDL/ EHL.
sensation: loss in ant and lateral side of leg and dorsum of foot

46
Q

tibial nerve

A

hamstrings: post leg muscles. foot dorsiflexed and everted. gastroconemius and soleus and all muscles not working.
sensation: sole of foot

47
Q

sciatic nerve injury

A

Whole nerve may be affected in pelvic fracture, hip joint dislocation or penetrating injuries.
Motor: Hamstrings, and all muscles below the knee are paralysed. Knee flexion affected.
Foot: In plantar flexed position (foot drop)Sensory: Loss below the knee except on a narrow area on the medial side of the leg
and foot (saphenous nerve area).
Sciatica

48
Q

sciatica

A

Pain radiating from the posterior back into the buttock, posterior/lateral thigh and into leg.
• Caused by herniated lumbar intervertebral disc which compresses on the L5-S1 component of the sciatic nerve.
Borders of the femoral triangle
1) Inguinal ligament (Superior) 2) Adductor longus (Medial) 3) Sartorius (Lateral)

49
Q

how to detect muscle power

A

MRC scale?

50
Q

0

A

no movement

51
Q

1/5

A

barest flicker of movement

52
Q

2/5

A

sliding across table. voluntary movement not sufficient to overcome force of gravity

53
Q

3/5

A

voluntary movement, capable of overcoming gravity but not applied resistance

54
Q

4/5

A

voluntary movement overcome resistance

55
Q

5/5

A

normal strength

CPA (7 decks)

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