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CPA > cardiac > Flashcards

cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

radial artery

A

wrist in between distal end of radius and lateral to tendon of FCR muscle at the end of brachioradialis

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2
Q

When do you assess rate and rhythm

A

radial a. rate: no. beats per min. rhythm: regularity of beat (regular vs irregular)

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3
Q

what is brady/tachycardia

A

less than 60, more than 100

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4
Q

common carotid

A

medial to SCM and lateral to thyroid cartilage, pt head is straight. Comment on character (strong/weak) and volume

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5
Q

ulnar artery

A

wrist over distal end of forearm lateral to the tendon of FCU and medial to FDS

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6
Q

brachial a

A

antecubital fossa, medial side of tendon of biceps brachii when elbow extended. Extend elbow- middle 1/3 of humerus in medial bicipital groove

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7
Q

apex beat

A

apex of left ventricle, 5th intercostal space, MCL. Once you have found the spot, start more laterally and feel medially to sternum, cardiomegaly have displaced apex, not there if epricardial effusion, obesity, pleural effusion.

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8
Q

heaves

A

abnormal character of beat. heal of hand will lift with heartbeat due to LV/RV hypertrophy

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9
Q

thrills

A

palpable murmur due to turbulent flow across a valve,

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10
Q

ausculation: pulmonary valve

A

left sternal border-2nd ICS

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11
Q

ausculation: aortic valve:

A

right sternal border, 2nd ICS

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12
Q

ausculation: tricuspid valve

A

left 5th costosternal border

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13
Q

mitral valve

A

left 5th intercostal space@ apex beat

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14
Q

upper border of the heart

A

left 3rd ccto right 2nd ICS.

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15
Q

right border of the heart

A

right 3rd ICS to 6th CC

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16
Q

lower border of the heart

A

right 6th cc to 5th ICS at MCL on LHS

17
Q

left border of the heart

A

left 5th ICS at MCL to 2nd ICS also on LHS

18
Q

murmurs

A

occur due to abnormal blood flow across valve due to

19
Q

aortic stenosis

A

ejection systolic murmur. radiates to carotid A, loudest on expiration. lean forward and hold breath and auscultate over carotid a

20
Q

aortic regurgitation

A

early diastolic murmur. pt lean forward, expire, auscultate over aortic areas

21
Q

mitral stenosis

A

mid diastolic murmur, radiate to left axilla, loudest on expiration. bell

22
Q

mitral regurgitation

A

pansystolic murmur during expiration, ascultate into axilla. diaphragm

23
Q

posterior tibial pulse

A

posterior to medial malleolus of tibia

24
Q

dorsalis pedis artery

A

dorsum of foot, lateral to extensor hallucis longus tendon over 2nd and 3rd cunnifrom bones

25
Q

femoral pulse

A

mid- inguinal point. midpoint between ASIS and pubic symphysis.

26
Q

popliteal pulse

A

inferior region of poplieal fossa, place thumbs on tibial tiberosity, passively flex knee at 30 degrees and curl fingers into popliteal fossa.

27
Q

rate

A

number of r waves in 1 min (in rhythm strip, times 10)

28
Q

rhythm

A

regular, irregular

29
Q

p wave

A

sinus rhythm. no p wave: atrial fibrillation (oscilating baseline). sinus arrythmia

30
Q

atrial flutter

A

saw tooth pattern

31
Q

axis deviation

A 
lead 1 and AVF: 
lead 2 and AVL:
lead 3 and AVR:
leave : LAD, less than minus 30, reach= right axis deviation more than 90. 
normal: -30 to +90.
32
Q

1st degree heart block

A

prolonged PR, but QRS always after p wave

33
Q

2nd degree heart block, mobitz type 1

A

prolonging PR interval, till p wave not followed by QRS. regulalry irregular

34
Q

2nd degree heart block, mobitz type 2

A

normal PR interval, but not always followed by QRS complex.

35
Q

3rd degree heart block

A

p wave does not follow QRS complex

36
Q

st elevation

A

ST eleveated myocardial infarction. or st depression. both due to ischaemia of heart tissue due to occlusion (could be due to atherosclerosis of coronary arteries)

37
Q

lead 1, v5,v6, avl

A

lateral side of heart, left circumflex artery

38
Q

II, III, AVF

A

inferior heart: right coronary artery

39
Q

V1,V2,V3,V4

A

left anterior descending artery. V1 and V2: septal. V3 AND 4= anterior

CPA (7 decks)

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