Resp Flashcards
Scale used for assessing sob
MRC dyspneoa scale
Colour of sputum
Yellow/ green = infection
Dark/ fowl smelling = lung abscess
Pink frothy = pulmonary oedema
Red = blood needs investigating
What score can be used for PE
Well score
What score can be used for pneumonia
Curb -65
Confusion Urea Resp rate Blood pressure Age 65
What is pulmonary ventilation
Process air flows in and out of lungs
Done through contraction of muscles and the negative pressure system
What is external respiration
Exchange of gas between alveoli and the blood
Internal respiration is
Gas exchange between blood stream and the tissues in the body
Transportation of gases is
Oxygen travelling with haemoglobin and co2 travelling around as bicarbonate ions to
Homeostatic control of respiration
Body’s ability to maintain respiratory rate
Detect through pH, demand for oxygen send signals to respiratory centres
Treatment for asthma
Salbutamol
Ipratropium bromide
Hydrocortisone
Magnesium
Adrenaline
Treatment for copd
Salbutamol
Ipratropium bromide
Acute severe asthma
PEF - 33-50
RR > 25
Heart rate > 110
Inability to complete full sentences
Life threatening asthma
PEF <33
SpO2 less than 92
Silent chest
Cyanosis
Poor resp effort
Exhaustion
Altered conscious level
Hypotension
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Risk factors for asthma
Previous near fatal asthma
Previous hospital admissions
It’s admissions
Non compliance to medication
Pe ecg findings
S wave in lead 1
Q waves in lead 3
Inverted Twaves in lead 3
How to do chest decompression
Biggest cannula
Into the 2nd ic mid clavicular above 3rd rib = avoids vasculture
Into the 5th anterior axillary
Hissing sound
Pneumothorax is
When air goes in between the pleura the visceral and parietal layer
Means lung does not expand can put pressure on the heart
In tension pneumothorax why don’t u lay a patient down
Can result in haemothorax
What does pursed lip breathing do
Maintains positive pressure
Stages of pneumonia
Hyperemia
Red hepatisation
Gray hepatisation
Resolution
What is hyperemia in pneumonia
Initial inflammatory response occurring in the area of lung infection, it is characterised by increase blood flow and increase capillary permeability at the site of infection
What is red hepatisation
Alveoli fill with red blood cells, exudate and fibrin produced as part of the inflammatory response
What is gray hepatisation
White blood cells colonise the infected part of the lung. The fibrin deposits accumulate throughout the area of injury and phagocytosis of cell debris occurs
What is resolution pneumonia
Inflammatory and immune response wave: cell debris, fibrin and bacteria are digested and macrophages the clean up crew of the inflammatory reaction, dominate
