Nervous Flashcards

(53 cards)

1
Q

Abbreviated mental test

A
Age 
Time to nearest hour
Address they remember 
Year 
Name 
Recognise two people 
Date of birth 
Year of ww1 
Name of monarch 
Count down from 20
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2
Q

What is a speech disturbance called and types in it

A

Dysphasia

Receptive - can’t understand
Expressive - can’t express self
Nominal - can’t name it
Conduction - repititon is poor but can follow command

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3
Q

Cranial nerve 1

A

Olfactory
Responsible for smell

Test - smell

Loss = basal skull fracture

Come from forebrain =olfactory bulb

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4
Q

Cranial nerve 2

A

Optic

Controls pupil = visual acuity, visual fields

Tests - read something, move finger in from 4 areas,

Comes from forebrain

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5
Q

Cranial nerve 3,4,6

A

Oculomotor controls 4/6 muscles
Trochlear controls superior oblique
Abducens controls lateral rectus

Do H test
If nystagmus - neuro issue
Swinging light test

Originate from brain stem

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6
Q

Where does cranial nerve 3 and 4 originate from

A

Oculomotor and trochelar

Brain stem

Specifically the mid brain

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7
Q

Where does cranial nerve 6 originate from

A

Abducens

Pontine- medulla junction

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8
Q

Cranial nerve 5

A

Trigeminal

Sensation in face
3 branches - ophthalmic
Maxillary.
Mandibular - sensory and motor

Feel areas of face
Feel jaw when clenched any weakness

Originated from pons

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9
Q

Cranial nerve 7

A

Facial
Sensory and motor

Different facial expressions

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10
Q

What is Bell’s palsy

A

When facial nerve is paralysed

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11
Q

8th cranial nerve

A

Vestibulocochlear

Whispering / making sound
Vestibular tested in cerebellum tests

Originates from pontine medulla junction

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12
Q

9 and 10 cranial nerve

A

Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

Soft palate and pharynx
Involved in swallowing

Check uvula is central
Get to swallow

Orginates from medulla oblongata

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13
Q

Cranial nerve 11

A

Accessory

Internal branches join the vagus

Ask patient to shrug turn head against distance

Originate from medulla oblongata

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14
Q

Cranial nerve 12

A

Hypoglossal

Tongue into 4 corners
And
Into cheek

Orginate from medulla oblongata

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15
Q

Cerebellum tests

A
Gait - walking ability 
Rapid alternating movement 
Arm coordination - finger to nose 
Leg coordination - heel up to leg 
Pronator drift - arms out in front see if they move
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16
Q

Pronator drift go up cause go down cause

A

Up
Motor neurone weakness

Down
Cerebellum disease

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17
Q

Peripheral nervous system tests

A

Assess dermatomes =feeling

Assess myotonia = tone and strength in leg

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18
Q

Myoclonus muscle twitching different types

A

Monoplegia - one arm or leg
Hemiplegia - arm leg on same side of body
Paraplegia - both legs
Quadriplegia - both arms and legs

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19
Q

What is ischemic stroke

A

Where they is a embolism means oxygen can’t get to brain

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20
Q

What is haemorrhagic stroke

A

Is where there is a bleed on the brain

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21
Q

What is TIA

A

Transient they resolve before full infarct but then u are more likely to have a stroke

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22
Q

What is cauda equina

A

Occurs when the nerves are compressed and disrupt motor and sensory function to the lower extremities and bladder

Can lead to incontinence and paralysis

23
Q

Red flags symptoms for cauda equina

A
Severe lower back pain 
Motor weakness and sensory loss in legs 
Saddle anaesthesia 
Bladder dysfunction 
Bowel in continence 
A loss of reflexes in extremities
24
Q

What is meningitis

A

The inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord = the meninges

25
Specific to meningitis
Neck stiffness Photophobia Non- blanching rash
26
Signs used for meningitis
Brundzinkis sign - Lift patients head towards chest and they will involuntary lift their legs Kernigs sign When hip flexed try to turn the knee will cause pain and feel resistance
27
Management for meningitis
Oxygen Fluids Benzylpencillin
28
Cushing triad is and what it indicates
Bradycardia, bradpneoa, widened pulse pressure =increased ICP
29
Signs of increased icp
``` Cushing triad Non reactive pupils Posturing Vomiting Convulsions ``` Cheynes stokes breathing
30
Paresis means
Weakness of voluntary movement
31
Chorea means
Involuntary movements that flow along muscle groups
32
Athetosis means
Involuntary slow movements
33
Myoclonus means
Brief voluntary contraction
34
Dysarthria means
Can’t make words | Slurred speech
35
GCS each part
Eye opening 1-4 Verbal response 1-5 Best motor response 1-6
36
What bone does olfactory nerve pass through Relevant ?
Ethmoid bone A basal skull fracture may present with a loss of smell
37
What is optic nerve path
Retina Optic canal Sphenoid bone Nerves then cross over
38
How many muscles does oculomotor control What does trochlear control
4 Superior oblique Abducens control lateral rectus
39
3 branches of trigeminal nerve
Ophthalmic Maxillary Mandibular
40
What nerve does labyrinthitis and Ménière’s disease involve
Vestibulocochlear 8th cranial nerve
41
Which muscles controlled by accessory nerve
Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid
42
3 layers of meninges
Pia mater Dura mater Arachnoid mater
43
Neurone made up of
Axon, dendrites, cell body
44
Difference between myelinated and non-myelinated neurones
Myelinated have Schwann cells which make the impulse faster
45
Where do motor nerves originate
Brain Spinal cord Basal ganglia
46
Name 2 types of motor neurone
Somatic and autonomic
47
What is corpus callosum
Mass of nerve fibres White matter Connects the two hemispheres
48
How many spinal nerves are there
``` 31 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal ```
49
How long for the Romberg test
20- 30 seconds
50
Tests to assess cerebellum
``` Romberg Gait Ram Finger to nose Pronator drift ```
51
What would assess for in peripheral nervous system
Tone, power, sensation
52
Brudizinkis sign is
Involuntary lifting of legs when lift patients head =meningitis
53
Kernigs sign is
Knee flexed to 90 Hip flexed to 99 Extension of knee causes pain Meningitis