Resources P2 (SEC-C) Flashcards
What is a Resource?
- as stock/supply of somthing that has value/purpose
economic /social effects of lack of food
ECONOMIC : 1 bill in world are MALNOURISHED
2 bill are UNDERNOURISHED - porly balanced diet , lacking mineral/diseases
- not well enough to work –> DECREASE ECONOMY
SOCIAL : OBESITY–> physical health problems
- pressure on healthcare
economic /social importance of water
ECONOMIC : vital for crops/food supply –> TRADE
- source of powerfor energy production
- industry
SOCIAL : - water shortage can cause POVERTY
UN estimates 50 countires face water scarcity by 2025
economic importance
of energy ?
ECONOMIC: powers factories/ machinery
- provides fuel for TRANSPORT
(Middle East supplies most of world oil)
global inequalities in SUPPLY/CONSUMPTION of food ?
CONSUMPTION : average calories consumed is 3200 per person in UK, but Somalia its 1580
SUPPLY: wealthier countries IMPORT FOOD / use subsidise farming to make food AFFORDABLE
- poorer countries cant grow enough to feed ppl/ cant afford subsidise farming/ importing
global inequalities in SUPPLY/CONSUMPTION of energy?
CONSUMPTION: richest 1 bill ppl in world consume 50 % of world’s energy , but poorest 1 bill consume 4%
SUPPLY: HICS/NEES linked National Grid
- have more tech for higher standard of living –> consume alot of energy
LICS: use less, because not connected to National Grid
why does UK import 40% of total food ?
- Uk PRODUCED food is expensive
- cheaper from abroad
- UK climate is unsuitable
- demand of season produce all yr
- demand for more choice
impact of importing food?
- transporting food is EXPENSIVE
- adds to CARBON FOOTPRINT
- farmers are underpaid
how is UK facing challenge of importing foods?
AGRIBUSINESS: inteisve farming to maximise crop yield–> maximise profit
- uses modern tech to maximise crop yield (more profit), so can continue to farm during low crop yield
ORGANIC PRODUCE: grown without the use of chemicals, but high labour cost –> EXPENSIVE
EXAMPLE OF uk agribusiness?
Lynford house Farm
- East Anglia Farm - 570 hectares
- flat, fertile land intesively farmed to maximise productivity/profitability
- chemicals used as pesticides/fertilisers
- machinery is expensive , but makes farm effiicient
how is water used in the Uk?
50% used domestically
21% wasted through leakage
business/ food production
why is water demand expected to rise in UK?
- Population growth
- more houses built
- increased use of domestic supplies
distrubution of water in the UK?
NORTH/WEST = WATER SURPLUS –> high rainfall, low evaportaion rates, resevoirs
SOUTH/EAST = WATER DEFICIT –> densley populated
low annual rainfalll
what is water stress?
demand exceeds supply
- not enough clean water/ inaccessible
how to save water?
- use of domestic supply meters
- use recycled water
- more efficient domestic supplies
MEDCS have moderate water stress, as high demand, but efficiency of industry has improved
LEDCS have smaller industries / conserve water
what was suggested by government to transfer water/ why did it nit happen?
2006, governmnet wanted to transfer water from surplus–> deficit through WATER GRID
opposed bc:
- effects land/wildlife
- expensive
- greenhuse gases released
how is water quality managed?
Envrionmental Agency :
- monitor quality of river water
- filter water
- purify water
- restrciting recreational use
- imposing strict regulations on use of water
why has energy consumption fallen ?
decline in heavy industry / better energy conservation
- low energy appliances
- better building insulation
- fuel efficient cars
changing energy mix?
in 1990: almost 3/4 energy came from coal /oil
2007: equal energy mix of coal, gas, nuclear
2014: renewable sources were more popular –> decline in coal (due to concern of greenhouse gases)
has changed from non renewable to renewable
why are fossil fuels important?
- PROVIDE ENERGY
- coal imports are CHEAP
- shale gas deposits will be EXPLOITED
What is fracking ?
- to extract gas , high pressure liquids are used to fracture shale / realese gas from undergorund
why is fracking controversial?
- can cause earthquakes
- pollutres underground water souces
- expensive
impact of NUCLEAR energy exploitation?
ECONOMIC: - nuclear plants are expenisve to build
- decommissionising old nuclear plants are expensive
- construction of new plants create JOB/ BOOST ECONOMY
ENVRIONMENTAL: - storage of highly toxic/ adioactive waste is a probelm
- warm waste water harms local ecosystems
- radicoative leaks
impact of wind energy exploitation?
ECONOMIC : - high construction cost
- less visitors–> less economy
- some attract visitors
ENVRIONMENTAL: - visual impact
- avoid hamful gas emmisions
- noisy
challenges of managing water quality/pollution in Uk?
CHALLENGE 1: groundwater contamination
- nitrates/phosphurous from fertilisers contaminate groundwater
CHALLENGE 2: population growth
- more houses built, so more waste water
CHALLENGE 3 : sewage run into open drains and run into rivers - contaminating water sources
how is water polluted?
AGRICULTURE : pesticides and fertilsers go into bodies of water –> EUTROPHICATION/kills aquatic animals
INDUSTRY : untreated waste from factories - contamined water /toxic for animals and plants
TRANSPORT: gritting of roads lead to salination of water
- petrol/diesel waste from vehicles - toxic for animals
DOMESTIC : sewage contains bacteria - harmful to humans/wildlife
MINING: heavy metals leach into water system - toxic
