Resource Reliance Flashcards
what three factors does the global hunger index measure?
- proportion of undernourished people
- proportion of underweight children
- child mortality rate
what is permaculture?
- a method of farming that tries to copy nature to give food security
- people growing their own food and changing their eating habits
what is another measure of food security? (not GHI)
global calories consumption
what is food security?
ability to access sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life
what is water security?
extent to which a community, region or country can secure sufficient, reliable water supplier
what is energy security?
access to sufficient reliable energy
2 physical factors that can decrease food security
- climate/ droughts- food can’t grow
- pests and disease- reduce crop yields
what is ethical consumerism?
choosing to buy food that has been produced with minimal harm to people and the environment to increase food security and sustainability
2 human factors effecting food security
- food prices/ poverty- poorer people go hungry
- population growth- increase food demand
what 2 processes are used to increase food security?
mechanisation of farming- more efficient, protect from disease, increase crop yields
commercial fishing
what 2 processes are used to increase energy security?
deforestation and mining
what 2 processes are used to increase water security?
reservoirs and water transfer schemes
malthus theory
- pessimists
- population would increase faster than food supply
- leading to a lack of food
- this would lead to large scale famine, illness and war until population would return to a level that can be supported
- this happens if we don’t prevent this using contraception and delaying
marriage - graph shows resources diagonal increasing upwards, population increasing in a curve and they cross over at a point of crisis
boserup theory
- optimists
- however big population gets, people will always find a way to manage and increase production by creating new technologies or reducing consumption until we do
- food production is the highest it’s ever been
- graph shows population curving up and resources in a staircase against it in “leaps” in advancement
3 ways to make food consumption more ethical
- buying fairtrade products
- reducing waste
- buying local and seasonal food
how does ethical consumerism increase food security?
- by reducing greenhouse gas emitted from transport and waste disposal = prevents climate change and decreases in food production
- making food production profitable so farmers keep producing it
social impact of intensive farming
chemical fertilisers and pesticides can harm people
economic impact of intensive farming
makes the most of the land to allow higher yields making food growth more productive and cheap to produce
environmental impact of intensive farming
chemical fertilisers and pesticides can pollute the environment and harm animals and insects
economic impact of organic farming
yields lowered by 20% making products more expensive
environmental impact of organic farming
doesn’t use chemicals and ensures animals are raised naturally
what are genetically modified crops?
changing the DNA of foods to enhance their productivity and properties
how do genetically modified crops increase food security?
- crops are larger, more nutritious and have health benefits
- crops are better protected from disease and drought
- money doesn’t need to be spent on chemicals to prevent this so are cheaper
what are hydroponics?
growing plants without soil using nutrient solution instead
how do hydroponics increase food security? and one negative
- less water is needed meaning less need for pesticides
- maximises crop yields
- BUT is expensive
how do allotments increase food security?
allows people in urban areas to produce their own cheap and healthy food close to home
how does permaculture increase food security?
it crates more natural ecosystems and fewer resources are required
