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Psychology A level > Research Methods (Year 12) > Flashcards

Research Methods (Year 12) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the aim of an Experimental method?

A

A general expression of what the researcher intends to investigate

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2
Q

What is the IV?

A

the thing you change to see the effect on the DV

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3
Q

What is the DV?

A

The thing you measure

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4
Q

What are Extraneous Variables?

A

Things that effect the DV which you arnt measuring

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5
Q

Confounding Variables

A

Other variables that have affected the results

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6
Q

What is a pilot study?

A

A trial run of the research to work out any problems

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7
Q

What is a one-tailed (directional) hypothesis?

A

a hypothesis that states whether changes will be greater or lesser

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8
Q

What is a two-tailed (Non-directional) hypothesis?

A

A Hypothesis that predicts a difference/correlation

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9
Q

What is Standardisation?

A

Using the same procedure for all ppts in a research study

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10
Q

What are independent groups?

A

When one group does condition A and one group does condition B

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11
Q

What are repeated measures? + one disadvantage of using them

A

The same ppts take part in all conditions of the experiment

Ppt’s might guess the aim of the study

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12
Q

What’s the difference between Single Blind and Double Blind?

A

Single Blind is when the ppt doesn’t know the aim of the study

Double blind is when the ppt nor the researcher knows the aim of the study

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13
Q

What are matched pairs?

A

When 2 Groups of ppt’s are used but they’re related to each other on participant variables that matter to the experiment

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14
Q

What is a field experiment?

A

An experiment that takes place in a natural setting

IV is manipulated and the effect it has on the DV is recorded

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15
Q

What is a Natural Experiment?

A

An experiment where the IV isn’t manipulated and the DV may be naturally occurring

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16
Q

What is a Quasi Experiment?

A

The IV is based on a pre-existing difference between people (Age or Gender). It hasn’t been manipulated DV may be naturally occurring

17
Q

What is a Systematic Sample?

A

When ppt’s are selected using a set pattern
EG: Every 8th person from a list is chosen

18
Q

What is Matched Pairs?

A

Two Groups of ppts are used but they’re related to each other by being paired on ppt variables that matter to the experiment

19
Q

What Is Independent Groups?

A

One group do condition A and one group do condition B

Ppts should be randomly allocated to groups

20
Q

What are Repeated Measure’s?

A

All the ppts take part in all the conditions of the experiment

Order of conditions should be counterbalanced to avoid order effects

21
Q

What are Order Effects?

A

Refers to how the positioning of tasks influences the outcome

22
Q

What are the 4 types of experiments?

A

Lab
Feild
Natural
Quasi

23
Q

What’s a Lab Experiment?

A

An experiment which has a controlled Environment

Extraneous and confounding variables can be controlled

IV is manipulated and DV is recorded

24
Q

What’s a Field Experiment?

A

An experiment that takes place in a natural setting

IV is manipulated and the effect on the DV is recorded

25
Q

What’s a Natural Experiment?

A

An experiment where the experimenter doesn’t manipulate the IV. The DV may be naturally occurring

26
Q

What’s a Quasi Experiment?

A

IV is based on pre-existing difference between people Eg: Age, Gender, Hight, Hair colour, Etc

No one has manipulated the variable it simply exists

DV may be naturally occurring or may be measured by the experimenter

27
Q

Evaluate A Lab Experiment (2 Pro’s 2 Con’s)

A

Pro’s
Can be easily replicated
Extraneous and confounding variables are controlled

Con’s
May lack Generalisability
Demand characteristics may be a problem

28
Q

Evaluate A Field Experiment

A

Pro’s
More Natural Environment
+
Greater external validity

Con’s
More difficult to control confounding variables
+
There may be ethical issues

29
Q

Evaluate A Natural Experiment

A

Pro’s
Ethical
+
Greater External Validity

Con’s
Natural event that occurs may be rare
+
Participants are not randomly allocated

30
Q

Evaluate a Quasi Experiment

A

Pro’s
High level of control
+
Comparisons can be made between people

Con’s
Ppts aren’t randomly allocated
+
Casual Relationships not demonstrated

31
Q

What is Generalisability?

A

making predictions based on past observations

32
Q

What is External Validity

A

whether causal relationships can be generalized to different measures, persons, settings, and times

Psychology A level (12 decks)

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