Biopsychology Flashcards
What does 1) CNS 2) PNS Stand for?
1) Central Nervous System
2) Peripheral Nervous System
What does the CNS consist of?
The Brain and Spinal Chord
What are the 4 main lobes in the brain?
1) Frontal Lobe
2) Parietal Lobe
3) Temporal Lobe
4) Occipital Lobe
What does the Occipital Lobe process?
visual Information
What does the Temporal Lobe process?
Auditory Information
What does the Frontal Lobe do?
The Frontal Lobe is involved in planning, abstract reasoning, and logic
What is the role of the Spinal Cord?
Transfer messages to and from the brain
What are the 2 main components of the PNS?
Somatic Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous System
What 2 components are within the Autonomic nervous system? + Their Fuctions
1) Systematic Nervous System (Prepares the body for fight or flight)
2) Parasympathetic Nervous System (Relaxes the body/Slows down heart rate)
What are the 3 types of neurones?
1) Motor Neurone
2) Sensory Neurone
3) Relay Neurone
What does the cell body inculde?
The Genetic Material Of The Cell
What are the six components that make a motor neurone
1) Dendrite
2) Myelin Sheath
3) Axon’s
4) Cell Body
5) Nodes Of Ranvier
6) Axon Terminal
What does the Nucleus contain?
The Genetic Material Of The Cell
What does the Dendrite do?
Receives signals from other neurones
What does the Axon do?
It carries the impulses away from the cell body down the length of the neurone
What is the purpose of the Myelin Sheath?
It protects the Axon and speeds up Electrical transmission of the impulse
What do the nodes of ranvier do?
Helps speed up an impulse by providing gaps in the Myelin Sheath for the impulse to jump along
What does the Axon Terminal do?
It Communicates with the next neurone in the chain
What are Neurotransmitters also known as?
The brains chemical messangers
What is the Endocrine System?
A network of glands across the body that produces chemical messages called hormones that regulate many bodily functions
What are the six brain areas?
1) Motor Cortex
2) Auditory Cortex
3) Visual Cortex
4) Somatosensory Cortex
5) Brocas Area
6) Wernicke’s Area
What was the one word patient Tan could say?
Tan
What does plasticity refer to?
The brains ability to change and adapt both physically and functionally as a result of experience and new learning
What is synaptic pruning
As we get older the connections that we barley use are deleted
What did Maguire et al (2000) find out about taxi drivers
They had significantly more grey matter in their rear hippocampus than in the matched control group (a group of non-taxi drivers) This part of the brain is associated with the development of spatial and navigational skills.
Does Lashley’s (1950) Equipotentiality Theory aid localisation? Why?
No
Lashley proposed the Equipotentiality theory, which suggests that the basic motor and sensory functions are localised, but that higher mental functions are not.
What is Hemispheric Lateralisation
An idea that 2 halfs of the brain do different things
What does the Corpus Callosum do?
Connects the left and right Hemisphere
What are the 3 Types of biological rhythms
Circidian - Less than 24H
Infardian - Longer than 24H
Ultraradian - Takes less than 24H
Biological Rhythms are regulated by endogenouspacemakers and exogenous zeitgebers, what do both of these do?
EZ- External Cues
EP- The bodys internal biological clocks
How long do
Circadian Rhythms
Ultradian Rhythms
Infradian Rhythms
Take?
Circadian: 24 Hours (C is for clock)
Ultradian: less than 24 hours (U is for under 24 hours)
Infradian: Longer than 24 Hours (I is for Infinity)
What are Endogenous Pacemakers?
Internal mechanisms that govern biological rhythms
Give 3 ways of studying the brain
fMRI’s
EEG’s
ERP’s
What was the IV and DV in Sperry’s Split Brain Experiment?
IV- Whether or not the participant was ‘Splitbrain’
DV- How well they preformed on tasks
Name one task Sperry gave to the ‘Splitbrains’
+
What was the results of this task
Presenting a stimulus to the splitbrain patient so they couldn’t see the stimulus then asking to name it
+
If the stimulus was in the participants left hand they couldn’t name the stimulus due to senses of touch and language are dealt with by different hemispheres
Give the results of Sperry’s Splitbrain research
Participants had been given an image in one half of their visual field then presented the same image in the other half, they responded like they hadn’t seen that image before
What is a ‘Splitbrain’?
An individual who has undergone disconnection of their brains 2 hemispheres
