Attatchment

Question 1

Who is often referred to as the primary caregiver?

Answer 1

The Mother

Question 2

What are the 4 stages of attachment + how old is the infant during each one?

Answer 2

Asocial - Birth-6 weeks
Indiscriminate - 6 weeks-6 months
Specific - 7 months +
Multiple - 10/11 months +

Question 3

What was the aim of Harlow (1958)s experiment?

Answer 3

To investigate whether food or comfort was more important in forming a bond

Question 4

What does bowlby’s ASCMI stand for?

Answer 4

Adaptive
Social Releasers
Critical Period
Monotropic
Internal Working Model

Question 5

What is the definition of Privation?

Answer 5

When there is a loss of emotional care normally provided by a primary caregiver

Question 6

What is the definition of Privation?

Answer 6

When there is a loss of emotional care normally provided by a primary caregiver

Question 7

What is the definition of Deprivation

Answer 7

When an attachment bond has never been formed

Question 8

Seperation

Answer 8

When the child is not in the presence of the primary care giver

Question 9

Define:

Separation Anxiety
+
Stranger Anxiety

Answer 9

Separation Anxiety: Affraid of being away from a parent

Stranger Anxiety: Being afraid of a stranger

Question 10

What are the 4 stages of attachment?

Answer 10

Asocial
Indiscriminate
Specific
Multiple

Question 11

What is the ASOCIAL stage of attachment?

Answer 11

Infants produce similar responses to objects and humans
+
Towards the End of the stage the infant will show preference towards the human

Question 12

What is the INDISCRIMINATE stage of attachment?

Answer 12

Lasts from 6 weeks to 6 months
+
Infant clearly shows a preference to humans
+
Smile more at people they know
+
Don’t show Separation Anxiety and Stranger Anxiety
+
Will still allow other adults to handle the,

Question 13

What is the SPECIFIC stage of attachment?

Answer 13

Lasts from 7 Months +
+
Infant displays anxiety towards strangers
+
Becomes anxious when separated from one particular person then happy when they return
+
Child forms a specific attachment with the person the infant has had the most meaningful interaction with

Question 14

What is the MULTIPLE stage of attachment

Answer 14

Begins at 10/11 Months +
+
Infant develops multiple attachment
+
75% of kids have multiple attachments within a year
+
Fear of strangers weakens
+
Attachment to primary attachment figure remind the same

Question 15

What was the aim of Lorenz’s animal study (1935)?

Answer 15

Investigate the mechanisms of imprinting
+

Question 16

What was the procedure of Lorenz’s animal study?

Answer 16

Split a large group of goose eggs into 2 groups
+
One group was hatched with the mother, the other group was incubated by Lorenz
+
Baby geese were marked to tell between the natural and incubated geese
+
Placed them all under a box then removed it and recorded their behaviour

Question 17

What we’re the findings of Lorenz’s study (1935)

Answer 17

Naturally birthed Geese followed the natural mother
+
Incubated geese followed Lorenz
+
After the upturned box was removed the same behaviour occurred with the incubated geese following Lorenz and the natural geese following the goose
+
Incubated geese showed no bond to their natural mother

Question 18

What was the conclusion of Lorenz’s animal study (1935)

Answer 18

Goslings are programmed to imprint on the first moving object they see
+
Animal formation of attachment is rapid

Question 19

What was the aim of Harlow’s Monkeys (1958)

Answer 19

To investigate whether food or comfort was more important when forming a bond

Question 20

What was the procedure of Harlow’s Monkeys (1958)

Answer 20

16 Baby Monkeys were used
+
Baby Monkeys were reared with 2 wire ‘mothers’ one had cloth on it and the other didn’t but dispensed milk

Question 21

What were the findings of Harlow’s Monkeys (1958)?

Answer 21

When frightened the Baby Monkey would go to the cloth mother regardless of which ‘mother’ dispensed milk
+
Baby Monkeys had a preference towards the cloth mother
+
Contact comfort was more important to a monkey than food when it came to attachment behaviour

Question 22

What are the 5 factors in Bowlby’s Monotropic Theory?

Answer 22

Adaptive
Social Releasers
Critical Period
Monotropic
Internal Working Model

Question 23

What are social releasers?

Answer 23

Innate behaviours that activate the adult attachment system (Makes an adult feel love towards the baby)

Eg: Laughing, Smiling, Cooing, gripping

Question 24

What is the Critical Period?

Answer 24

2 Year period where the infant attachment system is active

If the child will find it much harder to form an attachment after these 2 years

Question 25

What is Monotropic?

Answer 25

places great emphasis on a child’s attachment to one particular caregiver

Question 26

What is the Internal Working Model?

Answer 26

When a child forms a mental representation of their relationship with their primary care giver

Question 27

What does culture refer to in psychology?

Answer 27

shared beliefs and values of memebers of a group of people

Question 28

what is deprivation and privation

Answer 28

Deprivation- an attachment was never formed
Privation- when theres a loss of emotional care from primary care giver