Research Methods - Variables

Question 1

Independent variables

Answer 1

Manipulated/changed in an experiment

Question 2

Dependent variables

Answer 2

Variable being measured by experimenter

Question 3

Extraneous variables

Answer 3

Any variable that isn’t the IV that affects the DV (not changed by the researcher)

Question 4

Confounding variables

Answer 4

Type of EV that varies within the IV systematically

Question 5

Participant variables

Answer 5

Individual differences between participants that may affect DV

Question 6

Situational variables

Answer 6

Features of the experimental situation that may affect DV

Question 7

Demand characteristics

Answer 7

Participants changing their behaviour/responses to please the researcher

Question 8

Researcher effects

Answer 8

Researcher’s behaviour affecting the results

Question 9

Randomisation

Answer 9

Using chance methods to control for bias effects when designing experiment

Question 10

Standardisation

Answer 10

Using identical formalised procedures & instructions for all participants

Question 11

Operationalisation

Answer 11

Measurement of clearly defined variables