Research methods Flashcards
definition of target population?
the population under investigation from which the sample is drawn
definition of biased sample
a sample that doesn’t represent the target population
definition of representative sample
a sample that represents the larger population
definition of sampling
the selection of part of a larger population in order to indicate what the population is like
what is opportunity sampling?
a sample made up of anyone who is available
what is volunteer sampling?
a sample drawn from people who volunteer to take part in the research
what is stratified sampling?
a sample which reflects the proportion of certain characteristics in the target population. Members of the sample are randomly selected
what is random sampling?
a sample which is randomly selected from the target population
strengths and weaknesses of opportunity sampling
S-randomly selected so sampling bias- researcher less control of who’s selected
W- not everyone in target population has equal chance of being selected
strengths and weaknesses of volunteer sampling
S- quick, cheap and easy way of obtaining ppts
W- researchers have no control so more chance of sample bias
strengths and weaknesses of stratified sampling
S- allows researchers to make sure that certain aspects of the target population are represented
W- have to be proportionally represented
strengths and weaknesses of random sampling
S-everyone equal chance of being selected
W- can’t guarantee large sample
what is quantitative data?
measurements or scores in the forms of numbers
strengths and weaknesses of quantitative data
S- quick and easy to analyse and compare (objective)
W- can’t get in depth detailed answers and individual differences can’t be identified
what is qualitative data
not arrived at by statistical
strengths and weaknesses of qualitative data
S- can help to understand the ppts better and get more detailed research
W- hard to analyse and compare (subjective)
what is null hypothesis?
hypothesis which states that the independent variables will have no effect on the dependent variable
what is alternative hypothesis?
hypothesis which states that that the independent variable will have an effect on the dependant variable
name all types of interviews?
structured, unstructured, semi-structured
name the types of observations?
naturalistic, participant
what is an independent measures design
when the ppts only does 1 condition
what is a repeated measures design?
when the ppts do all conditions
what is a matched design?
when ppts are matched with each other according to similar characteristics and they do a condition together
what is a directional hypothesis?
a form of alternative hypothesis which states the direction of the effect of the independent variable
