Research Methods Flashcards
Any factor occuring in a study that makes the results uninterpretable because a variable other than the independent variable may also affect the dependent variable
Confound / Confounding Variable
Create in the controlled conditions of the laboratory aspects that are comparable to the phenomenon under study
Analogue models
In pscyhological research__typically means that the probability of obtaining the observed effect by chance is small
statistics significance
Statistical method that address not just that groups are different but also how large these differences are
Effect size
tells you how meaningful the relationship between variables or the difference between groups is. It indicates the practical significance of a research outcome.
Effect size ; A large effect size means that a research finding has practical significance, while a small effect size indicates limited practical applications.
designed for comparing two groups (effect size calculation)
Cohen’s d
the correlation coefficient, measures the extent of a linear relationship between two variables.
Pearson’s r
Pearson’s r, the closer the value is to 0,
the smaller the effect size
In Pearson’s r, A value closer to -1 or 1 indicates
a higher effect size
Pearson’s r also tells you something about the`
direction of the relatioship (since it is used in linear relationships)
In pearson’s r, A positive value (e.g., 0.7) means
A negative value (e.g., -0.7) means
both variables either increase or decrease together
one variable increases as the other one decreases (or vice versa).
Statistical relationship between 2 variables
Correlation
Systematic study of individuals under a variety of experimental conditions
Single-case experimental design
In which a researcher tries to determine whether the independent variable is responsible for changes in behavior
Withdrawal Design (withdrawal days - periods to withdraw meds to see if it is really the one responsible for the treatment effects)
