Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards
Communication disorders include…
“Let’s Speak Correctly Someday”
Language disorder
Speech sound disorder
Social (pragmatic) communication disorder
Childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering)
Neurodevelopmental motor disorders
developmental coordination disorder
stereotypic movement disorder
tic disorders
Intellectual developmental disorder, both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains. The following _____ criteria must be met:
3
both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains. The following three criteria must be met:
A. Deficits in intellectual functions
B. Deficits in adaptive functioning
C. Onset of intellectual and adaptive deficits during the developmental period.
The various levels of severity are defined on the basis of ______, and not _______
adaptive functioning; IQ score (it is adaptive functioning that determines the level of supports required. Moreover, IQ measures are less valid in the lower end of the IQ range.)
Under 5 years old (hard to assess)
Global Developmental Delay
Persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication of messages.
Speech Sound Disorder
Disturbances in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that are inappropriate for the individual’s age and language skills, persist over time
Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)
Persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
Differentiate ASD and Social Pragmatic Communication Disorder
The presence in autism spectrum disorder of restricted/repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities and their absence in social (pragmatic) communication disorder.
Differentiate Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) and Social Pragmatic Communication Disorder
Timing of onset and with Social Phobia, they have developed social skills appropriately
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, activities as mmanifested by atleast two:
“Some Individuals Hate Hugs”
- stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech
- insistence of sameness or inflexible
- high restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus
- hyper or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder age onset, duration, and quantity of sx
Several sx present prior age 12
6 months ; 6 or more sx (Inattention and/or hyperactivity )
For older adolescents (age 17 and up), at least 5
repetitive, purposeless motor behavior that may cause self-injury
Stereotypic Movement Disorder
Difference between ASD and Stereotypic Movement Disorder
SMD doesn’t have problems with social skills
When can you diagnose SMD when px already is dx with ASD
When SMD has self-injury or the stereotypic behavior is severe enough to become a focus treatment
5 Differences between SMD and Tic D/o
- SMD
- earlier onset (before 3 years old)
- may involve arms, hands, or entire body
- consistent, rhythmic, and fixed pattern
- prolonged in duration
- ego-syntonic (children enjoy them) - Tics
- mean age of 4-6 years
- commonly involve eyes, face, head, and shoulders
- varied in presentation
- brief, rapid, random
- ego-dystonic
- wax and wane in location and time and uniquely associated with premonitory urge (physical feeling that precedes many tic movements)
3 Types of Tic Disorders
- Tourette’s Disorder
- Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
- Provisional Tic Disorder
- BOTH multiple motor and one more more vical tics
- may wax and wane in frequency but have persisted for more than a year
since the first onset
-onset before age 18
Tourette’s Disoder
Single or multiple motor or vocal tics have been present during the illness, but not both motor and vocal.
- more than a year; onset before 18 y/o
Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
The “motor tics only” or “vocal tics only” specifier is only required for
Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
If the dx results from TBI, BOTH dx should be given. ID and TBI
true
Even if early and ongoing interventions throughout childhood and adult-hood lead to improved adaptive and intellectual functioning, the diagnosisof intellectual disability would CONTINUE to apply.
False ; Afterearly childhood, the disorder is generally lifelong, although severity levelsmay change over time. If early and ongoing interventions improve adaptivefunctioning and significant improvement of intellectual functioning occurs,the diagnosis of intellectual disability may no longer be appropriate.
Symptoms of ASD are typically recognized during the
2nd year of life (12-24 months of age)
Which of the following was a criterion symptom for autistic disorder in DSM-IV that was eliminated from the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disor-der in DSM-5?
Persistent preoccupation with parts of objects.
some children with autism spectrum disorderexperience developmental plateaus or regression, with a gradual or relativelyrapid deterioration in social behaviors or use of language, often during the first______
2 years of life ; Such losses are rare in other disorders and may be a useful “redflag” for autism spectrum disorder. Much more unusual and warranting moreextensive medical investigation are losses of skills beyond social communication (e.g., loss of self-care, toileting, motor skills) or those occurring after thesecond birthday.
For ADHD, specify whether
- Combined Presentation
- Predominantly Inattentive Presentation
- Predominantly Hyperactive/impulsive presentation
For ADHD, specify if
In partial remission: When full criteria were previously met, fewer than the full criteria have been met for the past 6 months, and the symptoms still result in impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.
ADHD is more prevalent in
males than in females in the general population
For ADHD, females are more likely than males to present primarily with
inattentive features
As a group, com-pared with peers, children with ADHD display
reduced total brain volume onmagnetic resonance imaging, increased slow-wave electroencephalograms, andpossibly a delay in posterior to anterior cortical maturation.
In the general population, ______ co-occurs with ADHD in approximately half of children with the combined presentation and about a quarter with the predominantly inattentive presentation.
Oppositional defiant disorder
Specific learning disorder is more common in
Males than in females (ratios range from about 2:1 to 3:1 and cannot be attributed to factors such as ascertainment bias, definitional or measurement variation, language,race, or socioeconomic status).
is more common following prenatal exposure to alcohol and in preterm andlow-birth-weight children
Developmental Coordination Disorder
Stereotypic movements typically begin within
the first 3 years of life
ASD is diagnosed 4 times with
Males
Dirty vocal tics
Coprolalia
Once this dx on one level of the hierarchy, you cant dx on the lower hierarchy
Tourette’s
