Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Question 1

Communication disorders include…

Answer 1

“Let’s Speak Correctly Someday”

Language disorder
Speech sound disorder
Social (pragmatic) communication disorder
Childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering)


Question 2

Neurodevelopmental motor disorders

Answer 2

developmental coordination disorder
stereotypic movement disorder
tic disorders

Question 3

Intellectual developmental disorder, both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains. The following _____ criteria must be met:

Answer 3

3

Question 4

both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains. The following three criteria must be met:

Answer 4

A. Deficits in intellectual functions
B. Deficits in adaptive functioning
C. Onset of intellectual and adaptive deficits during the developmental period.

Question 5

The various levels of severity are defined on the basis of ______, and not _______

Answer 5

adaptive functioning; IQ score (it is adaptive functioning that determines the level of supports required. Moreover, IQ measures are less valid in the lower end of the IQ range.)


Question 6

Under 5 years old (hard to assess)

Answer 6

Global Developmental Delay

Question 7

Persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication of messages.

Answer 7

Speech Sound Disorder

Question 8

Disturbances in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that are inappropriate for the individual’s age and language skills, persist over time

Answer 8

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)


Question 9

Persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication

Answer 9

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder


Question 10

Differentiate ASD and Social Pragmatic Communication Disorder

Answer 10

The presence in autism spectrum disorder of restricted/repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities and their absence in social (pragmatic) communication disorder.

Question 11

Differentiate Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) and Social Pragmatic Communication Disorder

Answer 11

Timing of onset and with Social Phobia, they have developed social skills appropriately

Question 12

Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, activities as mmanifested by atleast two:


Answer 12

“Some Individuals Hate Hugs”

1. stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech
2. insistence of sameness or inflexible
3. high restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus
4. hyper or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment

Question 13

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder age onset, duration, and quantity of sx

Answer 13

Several sx present prior age 12
6 months ; 6 or more sx (Inattention and/or hyperactivity )
For older adolescents (age 17 and up), at least 5

Question 14

repetitive, purposeless motor behavior that may cause self-injury

Answer 14

Stereotypic Movement Disorder


Question 15

Difference between ASD and Stereotypic Movement Disorder


Answer 15

SMD doesn’t have problems with social skills

Question 16

When can you diagnose SMD when px already is dx with ASD


Answer 16

When SMD has self-injury or the stereotypic behavior is severe enough to become a focus treatment

Question 17

5 Differences between SMD and Tic D/o


Answer 17

1. SMD
   - earlier onset (before 3 years old)
   - may involve arms, hands, or entire body
   - consistent, rhythmic, and fixed pattern
   - prolonged in duration
   - ego-syntonic (children enjoy them)
2. Tics
   - mean age of 4-6 years
   - commonly involve eyes, face, head, and shoulders
   - varied in presentation
   - brief, rapid, random
   - ego-dystonic
   - wax and wane in location and time and uniquely associated with premonitory urge (physical feeling that precedes many tic movements)

Question 18

3 Types of Tic Disorders


Answer 18

1. Tourette’s Disorder
2. Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
3. Provisional Tic Disorder

Question 19

• BOTH multiple motor and one more more vical tics
• may wax and wane in frequency but have persisted for more than a year
  since the first onset
  -onset before age 18

Answer 19

Tourette’s Disoder


Question 20

Single or multiple motor or vocal tics have been present during the illness, but not both motor and vocal.
- more than a year; onset before 18 y/o

Answer 20

Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder


Question 21

The “motor tics only” or “vocal tics only” specifier is only required for

Answer 21

Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder


Question 22

If the dx results from TBI, BOTH dx should be given. ID and TBI

Answer 22

true

Question 23

Even if early and ongoing interventions throughout childhood and adult-hood lead to improved adaptive and intellectual functioning, the diagnosisof intellectual disability would CONTINUE to apply.

Answer 23

False ; Afterearly childhood, the disorder is generally lifelong, although severity levelsmay change over time. If early and ongoing interventions improve adaptivefunctioning and significant improvement of intellectual functioning occurs,the diagnosis of intellectual disability may no longer be appropriate.


Question 24

Symptoms of ASD are typically recognized during the

Answer 24

2nd year of life (12-24 months of age)


Question 25

Which of the following was a criterion symptom for autistic disorder in DSM-IV that was eliminated from the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disor-der in DSM-5?

Answer 25

Persistent preoccupation with parts of objects.


Question 26

some children with autism spectrum disorderexperience developmental plateaus or regression, with a gradual or relativelyrapid deterioration in social behaviors or use of language, often during the first______

Answer 26

2 years of life ; Such losses are rare in other disorders and may be a useful “redflag” for autism spectrum disorder. Much more unusual and warranting moreextensive medical investigation are losses of skills beyond social communication (e.g., loss of self-care, toileting, motor skills) or those occurring after thesecond birthday.


Question 27

For ADHD, specify whether


Answer 27

1. Combined Presentation
2. Predominantly Inattentive Presentation
3. Predominantly Hyperactive/impulsive presentation

Question 28

For ADHD, specify if

Answer 28

In partial remission: When full criteria were previously met, fewer than the full criteria have been met for the past 6 months, and the symptoms still result in impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.

Question 29

ADHD is more prevalent in

Answer 29

males than in females in the general population


Question 30

For ADHD, females are more likely than males to present primarily with

Answer 30

inattentive features

Question 31

As a group, com-pared with peers, children with ADHD display

Answer 31

reduced total brain volume onmagnetic resonance imaging, increased slow-wave electroencephalograms, andpossibly a delay in posterior to anterior cortical maturation.


Question 32

In the general population, ______ co-occurs with ADHD in approximately half of children with the combined presentation and about a quarter with the predominantly inattentive presentation.

Answer 32

Oppositional defiant disorder

Question 33

Specific learning disorder is more common in

Answer 33

Males than in females (ratios range from about 2:1 to 3:1 and cannot be attributed to factors such as ascertainment bias, definitional or measurement variation, language,race, or socioeconomic status).


Question 34

is more common following prenatal exposure to alcohol and in preterm andlow-birth-weight children

Answer 34

Developmental Coordination Disorder


Question 35

Stereotypic movements typically begin within

Answer 35

the first 3 years of life

Question 36

ASD is diagnosed 4 times with

Answer 36

Males

Question 37

Dirty vocal tics

Answer 37

Coprolalia

Question 38

Once this dx on one level of the hierarchy, you cant dx on the lower hierarchy

Answer 38

Tourette’s