Anxiety Disorders Flashcards
Persistent and excessive worry about losing major attachment figures or about possible harm to them, such as illness, injury, disasters, or death.
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Separation Anxiety Disorder dx criteria atleast and lastin
3 sx ; 4 weeks in children and adolescents and typically 6 months or more in adults
Separation anxiety disorder is distinguished from generalized anxiety disorder in that the anxiety in separation anxiety disorder
predominantly concerns real or imagined separation from attachment figures
Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking despite speaking in other situations.
Selective Mutism; at least 1 month
Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation
Specific Phobia
Although the prevalence of ___ is lower in older populations, it remains one of the more commonly experienced disorders in late life.
specific phobia
older individuals may be more likely to endorse
natural environment specific phobias, as well as phobias of falling
older individuals may be more likely to manifest anxiety in an
atypical manner (e.g., involving symptoms of both anxiety and depression) and thus be more likely to warrant a diagnosis of unspecified anxiety disorder
If an individual fears only one of the agoraphobic situations, then specific phobia, situational, may be diagnosed.
If two or more agoraphobic situations are feared, a diagnosis of
agoraphobia is likely warranted
an individual who fears airplanes, elevators, and crowds
(overlap with two agoraphobic situations, “using public transportation” and “standing in line or being in a crowd”) would be diagnosed with agoraphobia
Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others at least 6 months
Social Anxiety Disorder
If the fear is restricted to speaking or performing in public.
Social Anxiety Disorder; Performance only
Recurrent unexpected panic attacks. A panic attack is an abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes, and during which time four (or more) symptoms
Panic Disorder
waking from sleep in a state of panic) differs from panicking after fully waking from sleep
nocturnal panic attack
There are two characteristic types of panic attacks
expected and unexpected
attacks for which there is an obvious cue or trigger, such as situations in which panic attacks have typically occurred
Expected panic
those for which there is no obvious cue or trigger at the time of occurrence (e.g., when relaxing or out of sleep [nocturnal panic attack])
Unexpected panic attacks
Environmental risk factor for panic attacks
Smoking
Panic attacks should not be diagnosed if the episodes do not involve the essential feature of an abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort, but rather other emotional states (e.g., anger, grief).
Other paroxysmal episodes (e.g., “anger attacks”)
Marked fear or anxiety about two (or more) of the following five situations typically lasting for 6 months or more:
- Using public transportation (e.g., automobiles, buses, trains, ships, planes).
- Being in open spaces (e.g., parking lots, marketplaces, bridges).
- Being in enclosed places (e.g., shops, theaters, cinemas).
- Standing in line or being in a crowd.
- Being outside of the home alone.
Agoraphobia
Specific phobia, situational type, should be diagnosed versus agoraphobia if the fear, anxiety, or avoidance is
limited to one of the agoraphobic situations
Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities (such as work or school performance).
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Many individuals with generalized anxiety disorder report that
they have felt anxious and nervous all their lives
Childhood adversities and parenting practices (e.g., overprotection, overcontrol,
reinforcement of avoidance) have been associated with
generalized anxiety disorder
Women and men who experience generalized anxiety disorder appear to have
similar symptoms but demonstrate different patterns of comorbidity consistent with gender differences in the prevalence of disorders.
In women,comorbidity is largely confined to the anxiety disorders and unipolar depression,
whereas in men, comorbidity is more likely to extend to the substance use disorders as well.
the most frequent anxiety disorder diagnosed in suicides
generalized anxiety disorder
Anxiety symptoms commonly occur in
substance intoxication and substance withdrawal
An independent anxiety disorder co-occurring with substance/medication use is distinguished from a substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder by the fact that
even though a substance/medication may be taken in high enough amounts to be possibly etiologically related to the anxiety symptoms, the anxiety symptoms are observed at times other than during substance/medication use (i.e., preceding the onset of substance/medication use or persisting for a substantial period of time after substance intoxication, substance withdrawal, or medication use) and would warrant the diagnosis of an independent anxiety disorder.
