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Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a one tailed hypothesis?

A

Previous research can be used to support/reject the hypothesis.
Directional.

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2
Q

What is a two tailed hypothesis?

A

No previous research has been done to back up the study.
Non-directional

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3
Q

What is a sample?

A

A small group of people selected from a larger population

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4
Q

What is a target population?

A

An entire set of people the researchers want to find out about/ apply their findings to

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5
Q

What is a representitive sample?

A

A sample of people whcih includes someone who reflects everyone in that community

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6
Q

What is an unrepresentitive sample?

A

A sample of people which does not reflect everyone in that community

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7
Q

What is population validity?

A

If the sample is representitive of the wider population who you plan to generalize the findings to

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8
Q

What is random sampling?

A

Everyone in the population has an equal chance of being selected

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9
Q

What is opportunity sampling?

A

The p/pants are selected by the fact that they are present and available when the research takes place

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10
Q

What is volunteer sampling?

A

P/pants actively choose to take part in the research often by signing up or applying to take part in research

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11
Q

What is systematic sampling?

A

Taking your target population, you select every nth person creating a sampling frame which they then use till they have enough p/pants

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12
Q

What is stratified sampling?

A

A system creating a set of criteria that needs to be fufilled in order to ensure that every aspect of your target population is covered

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13
Q

What is snow ball sampling?

A

Researchers ask the early p/pants if they know of anyone else who might be relevant to the research and willing to take part

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14
Q

What is an independant measures design?

A

Only using p/pants in one condition

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15
Q

What is a repeated measures design?

A

Using p/pants in more than one condition

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16
Q

What is a matched pairs design?

A

Carefully matching p/pants up to be similar then comparing the results

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17
Q

Outline all of the Code of Ethics

A

General
Informed consent
Deception
Debriefing
Withdrawal from the investigation
Confidentiality
Protection of p/pants
Observational research
Giving advice
Colleagues

18
Q

What is standardisation?

A

The process of making sure that each p/pant recieves the exact same instructions,tasks and conditions in order to prevent variance

19
Q

What 2 methods of recording data would you use for quantitive studies

A

A tally chart
A table for recording scores

20
Q

What is the mode?

A

The most common score

21
Q

What is the median?

A

Place all numbers in ascending order then find the middle number

22
Q

What is the mean?

A

Add up all the results and divide the total number of results in each condition

23
Q

What is the range?

A

Subtract the lowest score from the highest in each condition

24
Q

What is standard deviation?

A

Work out the mean.
For each number subtract the mean. and square the result.
Then work out the mean of those squared differences.
Take the square root of that.

25
Q

What is reliablility?

A

We should be able to do it again and find very similar results

26
Q

What is validity?

A

How well we can apply the study to the real world situation that it is intended to cover

27
Q

What is face validity?

A

Does the method look like it is measuring what it is supposed to be measuring

28
Q

What is concurrent validity?

A

Testing the performance of a new questionaire of interview with a previously established method

29
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Data using numbers and quantities

30
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

Data using written or spoken answers

31
Q

What is content analysis?

A

Moves the data from qualitative to quantitative making nice quotable numbers

32
Q

What is thematic analysis?

A

Seeks to avoid numerical data and that in doing so you lose the most important part- the humanity of the data

33
Q

What are descriptive statistics?

A

Tells us what the data is indicating
Are used to make judgments as to what our data indicates.

34
Q

What are inferential statistics?

A

Tells us whether the results are significant or not
Each type of research has its own specialized type of test that we must know.

35
Q

What is the correct P level in psych?

A

P_<0.05

36
Q

What does the P level refer to?

A

The level of significance

37
Q

What three questions should you ask when choosing your test?

A

Difference or correlation?
What design type is it?
What is your level of data?

38
Q

What is the weakest level of data?

A

Nominal

39
Q

What is the medium level data?

A

Ordinal

40
Q
A

Psych (7 decks)

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